Mixed Deck — All IEGAT Topics Flashcards

An analogy is presented as 'Figure A is to Figure B as Figure C is to...?'. Identify the figure that correctly completes the analogy. - **Figure A:** A large square containing a small, black circle. - **Figure B:** A large square containing a small, white circle. - **Figure C:** A large, upward-pointing triangle containing a small, black square.

Answer: A large, upward-pointing triangle containing a small, white square.

The relationship between Figure A and Figure B is that the outer shape remains the same, while the color of the inner shape inverts (black becomes white). To complete the analogy, the same transformation must be applied to Figure C. The outer shape (the large triangle) must remain the same, and the color of the inner shape (the small square) must invert from black to white.

Which of the following best describes circular reasoning?

Answer: Using a premise as its own evidence: 'This policy is good because it is beneficial.'

Circular reasoning (begging the question) uses the conclusion itself as a premise, offering no independent support for the claim.

Read the following statements: 1. If the interest rates decrease, the stock market will rally. 2. If the stock market rallies, consumer confidence will increase. 3. This quarter, consumer confidence did not increase. Assuming these statements are true, what can be logically deduced?

Answer: The interest rates did not decrease this quarter.

This is a logical chain of reasoning using the contrapositive. The statements create the sequence: If A (rates decrease), then B (market rallies). If B (market rallies), then C (confidence increases). Therefore, if A, then C. The contrapositive states that if Not C, then Not A. We are told that consumer confidence did not increase (Not C). Therefore, we can definitively conclude that interest rates did not decrease (Not A). We cannot conclude that rates *increased*, only that they did not *decrease*.

What is the next number in the following sequence? 5, 12, 10, 17, 15, ?

Answer: 22

The pattern in the sequence is an alternating series of two arithmetic operations: add 7, then subtract 2. - 5 + 7 = 12 - 12 - 2 = 10 - 10 + 7 = 17 - 17 - 2 = 15 Following this pattern, the next operation is to add 7: 15 + 7 = 22.

The line graph below shows the monthly average temperature for City X over a year. During which of the following periods was the rate of temperature increase the greatest?

Answer: March to May

The rate of increase is represented by the steepness of the line segment. Visually inspecting the graph, the line segment from March to May has the steepest positive slope, indicating the most rapid increase in average temperature.

A transparent square paper is folded along the dotted line as shown in Step 1. Then, two holes are punched through it as shown in Step 2. Which answer choice shows what the paper will look like when it is unfolded?

Answer: A square with two holes on the left side and two holes on the right side, mirrored vertically.

The paper is folded in half from right to left. The two holes are punched through both layers on the left half of the folded paper. When the paper is unfolded (opening the right side back out), the two holes will be mirrored onto the right half. This results in a total of four holes: the original two on the left, and a symmetrical pair on the right.

Which of the following shapes is the logical outlier in the group based on its geometric properties?

Answer: Trapezoid

A rectangle, rhombus, and square are all types of parallelograms, which is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. A trapezoid is a quadrilateral that has only one pair of parallel sides. This difference in the number of parallel side pairs makes the trapezoid the logical outlier.

The table below contains sales and staffing data for a retail company's stores, categorized by product type. What are the average monthly sales per employee for the 'Electronics' category across all listed stores? | Store Location | Category | Monthly Sales (€) | Number of Employees | |----------------|-------------|-------------------|---------------------| | North | Electronics | 150,000 | 15 | | South | Apparel | 120,000 | 18 | | North | Apparel | 90,000 | 12 | | West | Electronics | 130,000 | 14 | | South | Electronics | 100,000 | 10 |

Answer: €9,744

To solve this, you must first isolate the data for the 'Electronics' category, then sum the sales and employees for that category before finding the average. 1. Identify 'Electronics' rows: North, West, and South stores. 2. Sum the 'Monthly Sales' for these rows: €150,000 + €130,000 + €100,000 = €380,000. 3. Sum the 'Number of Employees' for these rows: 15 + 14 + 10 = 39. 4. Calculate the average sales per employee: €380,000 / 39 employees ≈ €9,743.59. The closest answer is €9,744.

When a client reports their involvement in an act of terrorism, their therapist is legally obliged to report this.

Answer: True

Explanation: The passage states 'Legitimate breaches of confidentiality relate to circumstances where the information the client has shared relates to acts of terrorism; information of this nature must be reported.'

Read the following passage and answer the question. 'Global Logistics Corp. offers three tiers of international shipping: Express, Standard, and Economy. All Express shipments are sent by air and are guaranteed to arrive within three business days. Standard shipments may be sent by air or sea, depending on the destination. All shipments to South America, regardless of tier, are routed through the company's Miami hub. No shipments sent by sea are ever processed through the Miami hub.' Based only on the information provided, which of the following statements is definitively false?

Answer: An Express shipment to South America is sent by sea.

The passage contains two conflicting rules for an Express shipment to South America. Rule 1: All Express shipments are sent by air. Rule 2: All shipments to South America are routed through the Miami hub. Rule 3: No shipments sent by sea are processed through the Miami hub. Statement C claims an Express shipment to South America is sent by sea. This directly contradicts Rule 1, which states ALL Express shipments are sent by air. Therefore, this statement must be false.

Read the argument: 'Reducing working hours will decrease productivity. Therefore, we should not reduce working hours.' Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Answer: A meta-analysis of 50 companies found that productivity fell in 80% of cases after working-hour reductions.

Evidence from 80% of companies in a large meta-analysis directly supports the premise that reducing hours decreases productivity.

Read the following passage and answer the question. 'The Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty that committed state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. The protocol was based on the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities,' putting the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. In the first commitment period, from 2008 to 2012, 37 industrialized countries and the European Community committed to reducing their emissions to an average of five percent against 1990 levels.' According to the passage, which of the following was a foundational principle of the Kyoto Protocol?

Answer: That developed nations had a greater historical responsibility for existing greenhouse gas levels.

The passage explicitly states, 'The protocol was based on the principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities,' putting the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.' This directly matches the correct answer choice.

A company uses the following table to determine employee eligibility for a quarterly performance bonus. To qualify, an employee must achieve a 'Client Satisfaction' rating of 90% or higher AND complete at least 5 'Projects'. Based on the Q3 data provided, which employee is eligible for the bonus? | Employee | Units Sold (Q3) | Client Satisfaction (%) | Projects Completed | |----------|-----------------|-------------------------|--------------------| | Anna | 148 | 95% | 5 | | Ben | 162 | 88% | 6 | | Carla | 155 | 92% | 4 | | David | 170 | 91% | 5 |

Answer: David

To qualify for the bonus, an employee must meet two criteria simultaneously: Client Satisfaction ≥ 90% AND Projects Completed ≥ 5. Let's evaluate each employee: - Anna: Fails on Projects Completed (has 5, but the question implies 'at least 5', let's re-read. Ah, 'at least 5' means 5 is included). Anna's satisfaction is 95% (≥90%) and projects are 5 (≥5). Anna qualifies. Let's check others. - Ben: Fails on Client Satisfaction (88% < 90%). - Carla: Fails on Projects Completed (4 < 5). - David: Satisfaction is 91% (≥90%) and projects are 5 (≥5). David qualifies. There seems to be an error in the initial logic, both Anna and David qualify. Let's adjust the data to make only one correct. Let's change Anna's projects to 4. New Table: | Employee | Units Sold (Q3) | Client Satisfaction (%) | Projects Completed | |----------|-----------------|-------------------------|--------------------| | Anna | 148 | 95% | 4 | | Ben | 162 | 88% | 6 | | Carla | 155 | 92% | 5 | | David | 170 | 85% | 5 | New Evaluation: - Anna: Fails on Projects Completed (4 < 5). - Ben: Fails on Client Satisfaction (88% < 90%). - Carla: Satisfaction is 92% (≥90%) and Projects are 5 (≥5). Carla qualifies. - David: Fails on Client Satisfaction (85% < 90%). This works. Let's finalize the question with this new data. Oh wait, I already have a 'Carla' as the right answer in my scratchpad. Let me use my original data and change David's satisfaction. Let's stick with the final version from the scratchpad to be safe. Final Final Table: | Employee | Units Sold (Q3) | Client Satisfaction (%) | Projects Completed | |----------|-----------------|-------------------------|--------------------| | Anna | 148 | 95% | 4 | | Ben | 162 | 88% | 6 | | Carla | 155 | 92% | 5 | | David | 170 | 85% | 5 | Explanation: Let's evaluate each employee against the two required criteria (Satisfaction ≥ 90% AND Projects ≥ 5): - Anna: Fails on Projects Completed (4 is less than 5). - Ben: Fails on Client Satisfaction (88% is less than 90%). - Carla: Meets both criteria (92% is ≥ 90% and 5 is ≥ 5). Therefore, Carla is eligible. - David: Fails on Client Satisfaction (85% is less than 90%).

Which of the following arguments is logically valid?

Answer: All mammals breathe air. Dolphins are mammals. Therefore, dolphins breathe air.

This syllogism is valid: if all mammals breathe air and dolphins are mammals, it necessarily follows that dolphins breathe air.

What was the percentage increase in snowfall in Whistler from November to December?

Answer: 50%

Explanation: Step 1: Identify how much snow fell in Whistler in November and December: Nov = 20cm Dec = 30cm Step 2: Calculate the difference between the two amounts: 30cm -20cm = 10cm Step 3: Divide the difference by the November figure 'the old figure' and multiply by 100. 10cm / 20cm x 100 = 50% Tip: To calculate the percentage increase quickly: Subtract the newest figure from the oldest figure and divide by the oldest.

A software development team follows these deployment rules: A new feature can be deployed to customers only if it has passed both Quality Assurance (QA) testing and security vulnerability scans. Any feature that fails the security scan must be reworked by the development team and cannot be resubmitted for QA testing for at least 48 hours. Yesterday, the 'Auto-Fill' feature was deployed to customers. What can be deduced from this event?

Answer: The 'Auto-Fill' feature passed the security vulnerability scan.

The first rule states that deployment requires passing *both* QA testing and security scans. Since the 'Auto-Fill' feature was deployed, it must have fulfilled both conditions. Therefore, it necessarily passed the security vulnerability scan. We cannot know if it was reworked at some earlier stage (A), nor do we have information about testing timelines (C) or other features (D).

A startup company's user base grew by 150% in its first year and then by 200% in its second year. What was the total percentage increase in the user base over the two-year period?

Answer: 950%

Let the initial user base be U. After the first year, it grows by 150%, so the new user base is U + 1.5U = 2.5U. In the second year, this new base grows by 200%, so the final user base is 2.5U + 2.0*(2.5U) = 2.5U + 5U = 7.5U. The total increase is 7.5U - U = 6.5U. To express this as a percentage of the original user base U, we calculate (6.5U / U) * 100 = 650%.

An entrepreneur argues: 'Critics said social media would ruin communication, but it has connected billions of people. Critics must be wrong about artificial intelligence harming jobs too.' What is the main flaw?

Answer: Being wrong about one prediction does not make a critic wrong about an entirely different prediction.

A poor track record in one domain does not invalidate a source's judgement on an unrelated topic; each claim must be evaluated on its own merits.

Evaluate the following argument: 'This investment must be safe because no investor has complained about losses.' What is the primary weakness?

Answer: Absence of complaints does not prove safety; investors may be unaware of losses or reluctant to report them.

Silence (absence of evidence) is not evidence of absence; investors may not yet have realized losses or may not report them.

The total research and development budget for a company is €500,000. A pie chart illustrates the allocation: 40% is for 'New Product Development', 30% for 'Existing Product Improvement', 20% for 'Fundamental Research', and 10% for 'Patents and Licensing'. What is the total amount of money allocated to 'Fundamental Research' and 'Patents and Licensing' combined?

Answer: €150,000

First, find the combined percentage for the two categories: 20% (Fundamental Research) + 10% (Patents and Licensing) = 30%. Next, calculate this percentage of the total budget: 30% of €500,000 is 0.30 * 500,000 = €150,000.