IDAT Logical Reasoning 3

Question 1

A train travels 120 miles in 2 hours. At the same speed, how long will it take to travel 300 miles?

Accepted Answer

5 hours

Answer

Speed = 60 mph; time = 300 ÷ 60 = 5 hours.

Question 2

Which pattern completes the analogy? Book : Library :: Painting : ___

Accepted Answer

Museum

Answer

A library is where books are stored and displayed; a museum is where paintings are stored and displayed.

Question 3

Some athletes are vegetarians. All vegetarians avoid red meat. Which conclusion is valid?

Accepted Answer

Some athletes avoid red meat

Answer

Since some athletes are vegetarians and all vegetarians avoid red meat, those athletes also avoid red meat.

Question 4

A number is doubled, then 6 is subtracted, giving 18. What was the original number?

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

Let x be the original; 2x − 6 = 18 → 2x = 24 → x = 12; wait: 2(12)−6=18 ✓, so 12.

Question 5

Which argument contains a logical flaw?

Accepted Answer

All squares are rectangles; this shape is a rectangle; therefore this shape is a square

Answer

This is the fallacy of affirming the consequent — being a rectangle does not guarantee being a square.

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