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Zoonotic Diseases Public Health Flashcards

7 cards from real ICVA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Under the National Notifiable Animal Diseases list, which zoonotic disease requires veterinarians to report within 24 hours in most US states?

    Answer: Rabies

    Rabies is an immediately notifiable disease requiring 24-hour reporting in virtually all US jurisdictions due to its near-100% case fatality rate and public health implications.

  2. A food inspector detects Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a ground beef sample. Which virulence factor makes this strain particularly dangerous to public health?

    Answer: Shiga toxin production causing hemolytic uremic syndrome

    E. coli O157:H7 produces Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) that can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a life-threatening complication especially in children.

  3. Veterinarians performing necropsies on wildlife should take precautions against which zoonosis transmitted through contact with infected tissues, particularly in lagomorphs and rabbits?

    Answer: Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)

    Francisella tularensis can penetrate intact skin and mucous membranes during necropsy of infected rabbits or other lagomorphs, making gloves and eye protection essential.

  4. Which principle guides the decision to use post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after a potential rabies exposure from a domestic dog?

    Answer: Observe the dog for 10 days; PEP is unnecessary if the animal remains healthy

    A healthy dog that bit someone can be observed for 10 days; if it remains healthy, the animal was not shedding rabies virus at the time of the bite, and PEP is not needed.

  5. Psittacosis (parrot fever) is caused by which obligate intracellular organism and is reportable in most US states?

    Answer: Chlamydia psittaci

    Chlamydia psittaci infects psittacine birds and can cause severe pneumonia in humans who inhale aerosolized bird droppings or respiratory secretions.

  6. Which zoonotic helminth causes visceral larva migrans in children who ingest embryonated eggs from contaminated soil?

    Answer: Toxocara canis

    Toxocara canis larvae from embryonated dog roundworm eggs migrate through human tissues causing visceral larva migrans, with ocular larva migrans being a serious complication.

  7. A veterinarian treating a febrile cat colony discovers the cats are seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii. Which human population faces the greatest risk of severe disease from this zoonosis?

    Answer: Immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women in their first trimester

    Toxoplasma gondii causes severe congenital defects in fetuses and life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised hosts such as HIV/AIDS patients.