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Small Ruminant Herd Health Flashcards

7 cards from real ICVA practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.

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  1. Contagious ecthyma (orf) in sheep and goats is caused by which type of pathogen?

    Answer: Poxvirus (Parapoxvirus)

    Contagious ecthyma is caused by Orf virus, a Parapoxvirus, which produces proliferative pustular lesions primarily around the mouth, lips, and teats.

  2. Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for detecting Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) in small ruminants?

    Answer: Fecal culture for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

    Fecal culture for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the gold standard, though it is slow (weeks to months) and requires specialized media.

  3. Urolithiasis in male small ruminants most commonly causes obstruction at which anatomical site?

    Answer: Urethral process (pizzle)

    The urethral process (pizzle) at the distal end of the penis is the most common obstruction site due to its narrow lumen in male sheep and goats.

  4. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in small ruminants is most commonly associated with a deficiency or impaired utilization of which vitamin?

    Answer: Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

    PEM is primarily caused by thiamine deficiency or impaired utilization, leading to necrosis of cerebrocortical gray matter and characteristic neurological signs.

  5. Which management strategy best reduces the risk of pregnancy toxemia (twin lamb disease) in late-gestation ewes?

    Answer: Provide adequate energy supplementation relative to fetal number

    Adequate energy supplementation adjusted to the number of fetuses being carried prevents the negative energy balance that leads to pregnancy toxemia.

  6. Foot rot in sheep caused by Dichelobacter nodosus requires co-infection with which other organism to produce severe disease?

    Answer: Fusobacterium necrophorum

    Fusobacterium necrophorum works synergistically with Dichelobacter nodosus to cause the interdigital skin damage and severe tissue destruction seen in virulent footrot.

  7. A ewe presents with unilateral facial nerve paralysis, circling, and head pressing 2 weeks after lambing. Cerebrospinal fluid shows elevated protein with mild pleocytosis. Which condition is most likely?

    Answer: Listeriosis (circling disease)

    Listeria monocytogenes causes rhombencephalitis ('circling disease') with characteristic brainstem signs including facial nerve palsy, circling, and altered mentation.