ICT Networking Models and Protocols 5 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which protocol provides reliable, ordered delivery of data at the Transport layer?
- IP
- UDP
- TCP (Correct answer)
- ICMP
Correct answer: TCP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) provides connection-oriented, reliable, ordered data delivery using acknowledgments and retransmission.
Question 2: What is the well-known port number for DNS queries?
- 21
- 53 (Correct answer)
- 80
- 110
Correct answer: 53
DNS uses port 53 for both UDP (standard queries) and TCP (zone transfers and large responses).
Question 3: In the OSI model, what term describes the unit of data at the Transport layer?
- Frame
- Packet
- Segment (Correct answer)
- Bit
Correct answer: Segment
The Transport layer PDU is called a segment (TCP) or datagram (UDP), containing source/destination ports and data.
Question 4: Which addressing scheme does IPv6 use?
- 32-bit binary addresses
- 48-bit hexadecimal addresses
- 64-bit numeric addresses
- 128-bit hexadecimal addresses (Correct answer)
Correct answer: 128-bit hexadecimal addresses
IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses expressed in hexadecimal, providing a vastly larger address space than IPv4's 32-bit addresses.
Question 5: Which protocol is used by email clients to retrieve messages from a mail server and supports server-side folder management?
- SMTP
- POP3
- IMAP (Correct answer)
- FTP
Correct answer: IMAP
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) allows email clients to access and manage messages stored on the server, including folders and flags.
Question 6: A company uses NAT on its router. What is the primary benefit of NAT?
- It encrypts all outbound traffic
- It allows multiple private IP addresses to share a single public IP address (Correct answer)
- It speeds up routing decisions
- It prevents unauthorized inbound connections by default
Correct answer: It allows multiple private IP addresses to share a single public IP address
NAT (Network Address Translation) maps many private IP addresses to one or a few public IP addresses, conserving the IPv4 address space.
Question 7: Which of the following correctly describes a 'protocol' in networking?
- Physical hardware used to connect devices
- A set of rules governing communication between network devices (Correct answer)
- The speed at which data travels across a medium
- A dedicated server that stores web pages
Correct answer: A set of rules governing communication between network devices
A network protocol is a standardized set of rules that defines how data is formatted, transmitted, received, and acknowledged between devices.
ICT Networking Models and Protocols 5
Which protocol provides reliable, ordered delivery of data at the Transport layer?