ICT Cloud Computing and Virtualization 4 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What does 'multi-tenancy' mean in cloud computing?
- Using multiple cloud providers simultaneously
- Multiple customers sharing the same physical infrastructure while remaining isolated (Correct answer)
- Running multiple OS instances on one VM
- Distributing an app across multiple availability zones
Correct answer: Multiple customers sharing the same physical infrastructure while remaining isolated
Multi-tenancy allows a cloud provider to serve multiple customers on shared hardware using logical isolation.
Question 2: Which technology underlies most Linux container solutions by isolating processes using kernel namespaces and cgroups?
- Hyper-V
- KVM
- LXC/LXD and Docker (Correct answer)
- Xen
Correct answer: LXC/LXD and Docker
LXC and Docker use Linux kernel namespaces for isolation and cgroups to limit resource usage per container.
Question 3: What is 'auto-scaling' in cloud environments?
- Automatically upgrading instance types
- Automatically adjusting the number of compute instances based on load metrics (Correct answer)
- Automatically distributing data across regions
- Automatically encrypting data when traffic increases
Correct answer: Automatically adjusting the number of compute instances based on load metrics
Auto-scaling adds or removes instances automatically in response to metrics like CPU utilization or request count.
Question 4: In cloud storage, what distinguishes object storage from a traditional file system?
- Object storage uses a hierarchical folder structure
- Objects are accessed via unique keys/URLs through an API, with no directory hierarchy (Correct answer)
- Object storage is faster than block storage for all workloads
- Object storage requires a mounted drive letter
Correct answer: Objects are accessed via unique keys/URLs through an API, with no directory hierarchy
Object storage (like AWS S3) uses flat namespaces and HTTP APIs with unique identifiers rather than file paths.
Question 5: What is a 'hyperconverged infrastructure' (HCI)?
- A network that connects multiple cloud providers
- A system that combines compute, storage, and networking into a single software-defined platform (Correct answer)
- A type of bare-metal server without virtualization
- A cloud region with more than 10 availability zones
Correct answer: A system that combines compute, storage, and networking into a single software-defined platform
HCI integrates compute, storage, and networking in one appliance managed by a single software layer, simplifying deployment.
Question 6: Which cloud pricing strategy lets users bid on unused cloud capacity at significant discounts but risks sudden termination?
- On-demand instances
- Reserved instances
- Spot instances (Correct answer)
- Dedicated instances
Correct answer: Spot instances
Spot instances use excess cloud capacity at deep discounts but can be reclaimed by the provider with little notice.
Question 7: What is the role of a 'load balancer' in a cloud architecture?
- Encrypting traffic between microservices
- Distributing incoming network traffic across multiple backend servers (Correct answer)
- Compressing data before storage
- Managing user authentication tokens
Correct answer: Distributing incoming network traffic across multiple backend servers
A load balancer distributes requests across multiple servers to improve availability and prevent any single server from being overwhelmed.
ICT Cloud Computing and Virtualization 4
What does 'multi-tenancy' mean in cloud computing?