IC&RC Prevention Planning, Education & Evaluation — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is the first step in the Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF)?
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- Assessment (Correct answer)
- Sustainability
Correct answer: Assessment
The SPF steps are Assessment, Capacity, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation, with Cultural Competence and Sustainability as cross-cutting principles. Assessment comes first.
Question 2: A prevention program aimed at everyone in a general population, without regard to individual risk, is classified as:
- Universal (Correct answer)
- Selective
- Indicated
- Tertiary
Correct answer: Universal
The IOM classification includes universal programs for whole populations, selective programs for higher-risk subgroups, and indicated programs for people already showing early signs.
Question 3: Which type of evaluation measures whether a program was delivered as planned?
- Outcome evaluation
- Process evaluation (Correct answer)
- Impact forecast
- Cost avoidance
Correct answer: Process evaluation
Process evaluation examines implementation, such as reach, dosage, and fidelity, while outcome evaluation measures changes in knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors.
Question 4: Protective factors in prevention are best described as:
- Conditions that increase the likelihood of substance misuse
- Characteristics that reduce the likelihood of substance misuse, such as strong family bonds (Correct answer)
- Laws that ban substances
- Treatment methods
Correct answer: Characteristics that reduce the likelihood of substance misuse, such as strong family bonds
Protective factors like family bonding, school connectedness, and positive peer norms buffer against risk factors and reduce the likelihood of misuse.
Question 5: Why is it important to choose evidence-based prevention programs?
- They are always free
- They have demonstrated effectiveness through research and are more likely to produce intended outcomes (Correct answer)
- They require no evaluation
- They avoid the need for community input
Correct answer: They have demonstrated effectiveness through research and are more likely to produce intended outcomes
Evidence-based programs have been tested and shown to work, but they should still be adapted for fit with the community and evaluated.
Question 6: Environmental prevention strategies include:
- One-on-one counseling only
- Policies and norm change, such as enforcing alcohol-sales laws and limiting availability (Correct answer)
- Detoxification services
- Individual drug testing
Correct answer: Policies and norm change, such as enforcing alcohol-sales laws and limiting availability
Environmental strategies target community conditions, such as laws, enforcement, and norms, to reduce access and shift attitudes toward substance misuse.