Nutritional Science Flashcards

What is the primary macronutrient in colostrum?

Answer: Protein

Colostrum, the first milk produced, is rich in protein, which is its primary macronutrient. This 'liquid gold' is packed with antibodies and immune factors, providing crucial protection and nutrition for the newborn. The high protein content is essential for growth and development, especially in the first few days of life.

What is the predominant carbohydrate in human milk?

Answer: Lactose

Lactose is the predominant carbohydrate in human milk, serving as a vital energy source for infant growth and development. This disaccharide, composed of glucose and galactose, is crucial for brain development and also supports a healthy gut microbiome.

Which vitamin is typically insufficient in breast milk, requiring supplementation for infants?

Answer: Vitamin D

Vitamin D is typically present in insufficient amounts in breast milk, necessitating supplementation for infants. This vitamin is essential for proper calcium absorption, bone development, and immune function, helping to prevent conditions like rickets.

What fatty acid in breast milk supports brain development in infants?

Answer: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a crucial omega-3 fatty acid found in breast milk that significantly supports infant brain and eye development. It is a major structural component of the brain and retina, playing a key role in cognitive function and visual acuity.

Which mineral in human milk is most bioavailable to infants?

Answer: Iron

While human milk contains relatively low concentrations of iron, its bioavailability is exceptionally high, meaning infants absorb a large percentage of it. This high bioavailability ensures that breastfed infants typically receive sufficient iron for their needs during the first six months of life.