Maternal Factors Flashcards

What is the recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a woman with a normal BMI?

Answer: 25-35 pounds

For women with a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) before pregnancy, the recommended weight gain is typically 25-35 pounds. This range supports the healthy growth of the fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, and maternal tissues, contributing to a positive pregnancy outcome.

Which of the following maternal conditions can lead to a decreased milk supply?

Answer: Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid, can lead to decreased milk supply because thyroid hormones are essential for the production and release of prolactin. Insufficient thyroid hormone levels disrupt the hormonal balance necessary for adequate lactation, thereby impacting milk synthesis.

What is the primary role of prolactin in lactation?

Answer: It promotes the synthesis of breast milk

Prolactin is the primary hormone responsible for promoting the synthesis of breast milk in the mammary glands. Its levels rise significantly after birth and are maintained by frequent suckling, ensuring continuous milk production to meet the infant's nutritional demands.

How does maternal stress affect breastfeeding?

Answer: It can reduce milk production

Maternal stress can negatively impact breastfeeding by inhibiting the release of oxytocin, the hormone responsible for milk letdown. Additionally, chronic stress can reduce prolactin levels, thereby decreasing overall milk production and making breastfeeding more challenging.

Which maternal condition requires careful monitoring when breastfeeding due to the potential risk to the infant?

Answer: HIV

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a maternal condition that requires careful monitoring and often contraindicates breastfeeding due to the significant risk of vertical transmission to the infant through breast milk. In many regions, formula feeding is recommended for HIV-positive mothers to prevent transmission.