IBCLC Maternal Physiology and Anatomy 2

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the milk ejection (let-down) reflex?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Progesterone

Question 2

During which stage of lactogenesis does copious milk production begin?

Accepted Answer

Lactogenesis II (2-5 days postpartum)

Answer

Lactogenesis I (mid-pregnancy)

Answer

Lactogenesis III (established lactation)

Answer

Lactation begins immediately at conception

Question 3

What is the function of Montgomery's tubercles on the areola?

Accepted Answer

They secrete an oily substance that lubricates and protects the nipple and areola

Answer

They help the infant locate the nipple visually

Answer

They produce milk as supplementary secretory glands

Answer

They have no known function in lactation

Question 4

What role does prolactin play in milk production and how does its release pattern relate to feeding frequency?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is released in response to nipple stimulation and is highest during nighttime feedings; frequent feeding maintains elevated prolactin levels

Answer

Prolactin levels remain constant regardless of feeding frequency

Answer

Prolactin only affects milk production in the first week postpartum

Answer

Prolactin inhibits milk production until estrogen levels rise

Question 5

What structural change occurs in the breast during pregnancy that prepares it for milk production?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation of alveolar and ductal tissue under the influence of estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and human placental lactogen

Answer

The breast accumulates additional fat tissue only

Answer

The nipple develops new nerve endings

Answer

Breast size determines milk production capacity

Question 6

A mother presents with unilateral breast engorgement 5 days postpartum. The affected breast is warm, firm, and tender but she has no fever. What is the most likely physiology?

Accepted Answer

Physiological engorgement due to increased blood flow and milk volume with insufficient drainage of that breast

Answer

Mastitis requiring antibiotic treatment

Answer

Breast abscess

Answer

Inflammatory breast cancer