HSP Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3

Question 1

Which part of the brain regulates homeostatic functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

The hypothalamus serves as the master regulator of homeostasis, controlling hunger, thirst, temperature regulation, and circadian rhythms through neural and hormonal mechanisms.

Question 2

In the context of psychophysiology, what does the term 'allostasis' refer to?

Accepted Answer

Achieving stability through change in response to anticipated demands

Answer

Allostasis refers to the process of achieving stability through physiological or behavioral change in anticipation of demands, differing from homeostasis which returns to a fixed set point.

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying parasympathetic fibers to most thoracic and abdominal organs, including the heart and digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Answer

The vagus nerve (CN X) is the longest cranial nerve and carries parasympathetic fibers to the heart, lungs, and most digestive organs, mediating rest-and-digest functions.

Question 4

The myelin sheath that insulates axons in the central nervous system is produced by which type of glial cell?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Answer

Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the CNS, with each cell capable of myelinating multiple axon segments, whereas Schwann cells perform this function in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 5

Which phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by the body's resistance to a stressor being at its highest?

Accepted Answer

Resistance phase

Answer

During the resistance (adaptation) phase of Selye's GAS, the body has mobilized resources and maintains heightened physiological resistance to the ongoing stressor.

(HSP) Certified Health Service Psychologist Practice Test

(HSP) Certified Health Service Psychologist Practice Test

HSP Anatomy & Physiology Fundamentals 3