HOAE Nutrition 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which macronutrient provides 9 calories per gram?
- Carbohydrates
- Protein
- Fat (Correct answer)
- Fiber
Correct answer: Fat
Fat provides 9 calories per gram, more than double the 4 calories per gram provided by carbohydrates or protein.
Question 2: Which vitamin is synthesized by the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D (Correct answer)
- Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin D
Vitamin D is produced in the skin through a reaction triggered by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
Question 3: What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
- Building muscle tissue
- Providing energy (Correct answer)
- Transporting oxygen
- Regulating hormones
Correct answer: Providing energy
Carbohydrates are the body's preferred and primary source of energy, especially for the brain and working muscles.
Question 4: Which mineral is essential for the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
- Calcium
- Iron (Correct answer)
- Potassium
- Zinc
Correct answer: Iron
Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
Question 5: What type of fat is associated with raising LDL ('bad') cholesterol levels?
- Monounsaturated fat
- Polyunsaturated fat
- Saturated fat (Correct answer)
- Omega-3 fatty acids
Correct answer: Saturated fat
Saturated fats, found in animal products and some tropical oils, are known to raise LDL cholesterol and increase cardiovascular disease risk.
Question 6: How many essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet?
- 5
- 9 (Correct answer)
- 12
- 20
Correct answer: 9
There are 9 essential amino acids that the human body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through dietary sources.
Question 7: Which food group is the best dietary source of complete proteins?
- Grains and cereals
- Fruits and vegetables
- Animal products (Correct answer)
- Legumes and nuts
Correct answer: Animal products
Animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy contain all 9 essential amino acids, making them complete protein sources.
HOAE Nutrition 1
Which macronutrient provides 9 calories per gram?