Histology Certification Organ Histology 2

Question 1

Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Zona glomerulosa

Answer

The zona glomerulosa is the outermost cortical layer and is the sole site of mineralocorticoid synthesis.

Question 2

The hepatic sinusoids are lined by which specialized cell type that lacks a basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

Sinusoidal endothelial cells

Answer

Sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) line hepatic sinusoids and are fenestrated without a continuous basement membrane, facilitating exchange.

Question 3

In the kidney, which structure separates the glomerular capillary lumen from the Bowman's space?

Accepted Answer

Filtration barrier (endothelium, GBM, podocytes)

Answer

The filtration barrier consists of fenestrated endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and podocyte foot processes with slit diaphragms.

Question 4

The interalveolar septa of the lung contain type II pneumocytes whose primary function is to:

Accepted Answer

Produce surfactant

Answer

Type II pneumocytes contain lamellar bodies and secrete pulmonary surfactant to reduce alveolar surface tension.

Question 5

Which histological feature distinguishes the pyloric glands of the stomach from the fundic glands?

Accepted Answer

Predominantly mucous secretory cells with few parietal cells

Answer

Pyloric glands are composed mainly of mucous cells and are nearly devoid of the chief and parietal cells that dominate fundic glands.

Histology Certification Practice Test