HESI Practice Test: Video 4 Answers (25 Questions) Flashcards

Which gland regulates metabolism by secreting thyroxine?

Answer: Thyroid gland

The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine (T4), which controls metabolic rate.

Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes responsible for producing pigment?

Answer: Stratum basale

Melanocytes are located in the stratum basale (deepest layer of the epidermis), where they produce melanin and transfer it to surrounding keratinocytes to provide skin color and UV protection.

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements and maintaining balance?

Answer: Cerebellum

The cerebellum, located at the back and bottom of the brain, coordinates fine motor movements, balance, and posture by integrating sensory input and adjusting motor output for smooth, precise actions.

What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of blood vessels?

Answer: Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle lines hollow organs and vessels and contracts involuntarily.

How many types of basic tissues does a human have?

Answer: 4

The human body is organized into four fundamental types of tissues, each with specialized structures and functions. These are epithelial tissue (for covering and lining), connective tissue (for support and binding), muscle tissue (for movement), and nervous tissue (for communication and control). These basic tissues combine to form organs and organ systems.

What is the meaning of the word acute?

Answer: Quick

In a medical context, 'acute' describes a condition or illness that has a sudden onset and a short, severe course. It implies a rapid development and often a quick resolution, as opposed to 'chronic,' which refers to a long-lasting condition. For example, acute pain comes on quickly.

Which word most nearly means enervate?

Answer: Debilitate

To enervate means to cause someone to feel drained of energy or vitality; to weaken or debilitate. It implies a loss of strength or vigor, making 'debilitate' the closest synonym. The word describes a process of sapping energy or making someone feeble.

Which of the following is the closest definition of the word distended?

Answer: Enlarged

The word 'distended' means swollen or stretched out of its normal shape, typically due to internal pressure. In a medical context, it often refers to an abdomen that is enlarged or bloated. Therefore, 'enlarged' is the closest and most accurate definition.

What is the closest definition of the word sinuous?

Answer: Supple

Sinuous means having many curves and turns, or winding. It also implies flexibility and grace, making 'supple' a close synonym. A sinuous movement or shape is often fluid and elegant, like a snake moving.

What is the closest definition of the word proximal?

Answer: center

In anatomy, 'proximal' refers to a position closer to the center of the body or the point of attachment of a limb. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist because it is closer to the body's core. Among the given choices, 'center' best captures the idea of being closer to the main part or origin.

Which clue helps identify the meaning of a word through contrast?

Answer: Words like 'however' or 'unlike'

Words like 'however,' 'unlike,' 'but,' 'in contrast,' or 'on the other hand' are crucial contrast clues that help identify the meaning of an unfamiliar word. These signal words indicate that the information following them will present an opposite or different idea from what was previously stated. By understanding this opposition, readers can infer the meaning of the unknown term.

Why is it important to identify bias in a passage?

Answer: To evaluate the trustworthiness of the content

Identifying bias in a passage is critical because it reveals the author's potential leanings, prejudices, or one-sided perspectives, which can influence the information presented. Recognizing bias allows readers to critically evaluate the content's objectivity, question its reliability, and determine the trustworthiness of the information. This critical assessment is essential for forming well-informed and balanced opinions.

A passage compares two treatments by listing similarities and differences. What text structure is this?

Answer: Compare and contrast

Listing similarities and differences between items is the compare-and-contrast structure.

Which sentence states a fact rather than an opinion?

Answer: Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level.

A boiling point is a measurable, verifiable fact, while the others express judgments.

What is the author's purpose if a passage informs the reader?

Answer: To inform

If a passage primarily presents facts, explanations, or instructions without attempting to sway opinion or evoke strong emotions, the author's purpose is to inform. This purpose aims to educate the reader by providing objective data, explaining concepts, or describing events. Recognizing the author's purpose helps readers understand the text's intent and interpret its content appropriately.

Which type of macromolecule are enzymes primarily composed of?

Answer: Proteins

Most enzymes are proteins folded into specific catalytic shapes.

Which of the following best describes a hypertonic solution relative to a cell?

Answer: Higher solute concentration outside, water leaves the cell

In a hypertonic environment water moves out, causing the cell to shrink.

What is the role of the cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer?

Answer: Regulating what enters and exits the cell

The selectively permeable bilayer controls movement of substances in and out.

Which type of inheritance pattern is demonstrated when both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygous phenotype?

Answer: Codominance

Codominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully and simultaneously expressed, such as AB blood type.

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes does each resulting gamete contain?

Answer: 23

Meiosis halves the chromosome number, producing haploid gametes with 23 chromosomes.