HESI Practice Test: Video 3 Answers (25 Questions) Flashcards

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

Answer: Sartorius

The sartorius muscle is indeed the longest muscle in the human body. It is a long, thin, superficial muscle that runs obliquely down the length of the thigh, from the hip to the medial side of the knee. It plays a role in various movements of the hip and knee, including flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation.

Which of the following is the most abundant component of whole blood?

Answer: Plasma

Plasma is the liquid matrix of blood, making up approximately 55% of its total volume. It is primarily composed of water (about 92%) but also contains dissolved proteins, hormones, nutrients, electrolytes, and waste products. The cellular components like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are suspended within this plasma.

Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

Answer: O-

O- blood is considered the universal donor because its red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens. This absence of antigens means that O- blood will not trigger an immune response in recipients of any other blood type. Consequently, it can be safely transfused to nearly anyone in emergency situations when there is no time to cross-match blood.

What is the only artery in the body to carry oxygen-poor blood?

Answer: Pulmonary Artery

The pulmonary artery is unique among arteries because it carries deoxygenated blood. It transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs, where the blood will pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. All other arteries in the systemic circulation carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

What is called by the release of prolactin during breastfeeding?

Answer: Positive feedback

The release of prolactin during breastfeeding is a classic example of a positive feedback loop. When an infant suckles, sensory nerves in the nipple send signals to the hypothalamus, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release prolactin. Prolactin then promotes milk production, and increased suckling leads to even more prolactin release, amplifying the response until the stimulus is removed.

Which of the following is the best definition of the word consternation?

Answer: Anxiety

The word 'consternation' refers to a feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexpected. It describes a sense of alarm or dread that can arise from a sudden, unsettling event or situation. Therefore, 'anxiety' is the best definition, reflecting a state of unease or worry.

Which of the following is the closest definition of the word contrite?

Answer: Remorseful

The word 'contrite' describes feeling or expressing deep regret or penitence for wrongdoing. It implies a sense of sorrow and guilt for one's actions. Therefore, 'remorseful' is the most fitting synonym, conveying a similar feeling of regret and sorrow for past actions.

What is the best way to define "predispose"?

Answer: To make susceptible

To predispose someone means to make them liable or inclined to a specified attitude, action, or condition. In a medical context, it means to make someone more susceptible or vulnerable to developing a particular disease or condition. For example, genetics can predispose an individual to certain illnesses.

What is the meaning of the word bifurcate?

Answer: Divide

To bifurcate means to divide into two branches or forks. This term is often used to describe anatomical structures, such as blood vessels or nerves, that split into two distinct pathways. For example, the trachea bifurcates into two main bronchi.

Which of the following is the best definition of the word taciturn?

Answer: Reserved

The word 'taciturn' describes a person who is reserved or uncommunicative in speech, saying little. Such individuals tend to be quiet and prefer not to talk much in social situations. Therefore, 'reserved' accurately captures this characteristic of being withdrawn and not openly expressive.

A patient education brochure says, 'Take this medication with food to reduce stomach upset.' What is the primary purpose of this statement?

Answer: To give instructions

The sentence directs the reader on how to take the medication, making it instructional.

If a passage's main idea is implied rather than stated, what should the reader do?

Answer: Infer it from supporting details

An implied main idea must be inferred by synthesizing the supporting details.

In the sentence 'The nurse was meticulous, checking every detail twice,' the word 'meticulous' most nearly means:

Answer: Careful and precise

Checking every detail twice shows careful, precise attention, defining 'meticulous.'

A reading passage describes steps in order: first, second, then finally. What text structure is being used?

Answer: Sequence/chronological order

Signal words like 'first,' 'then,' and 'finally' indicate sequence or chronological order.

Which of the following best defines a supporting detail?

Answer: Examples or facts that support the main idea

A supporting detail is a specific piece of information, such as an example, fact, statistic, or description, that serves to elaborate on and provide evidence for the main idea of a passage. These details strengthen the author's argument or explanation, making the central point more understandable, credible, and convincing. Without them, the main idea would lack substantiation.

What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during translation?

Answer: Delivering amino acids to the ribosome

Transfer RNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon.

What molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Answer: tRNA

Transfer RNA delivers specific amino acids matching the mRNA codon.

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria generate most cellular ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer: Mitochondria

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.

Which term describes an organism's observable physical traits?

Answer: Phenotype

Phenotype refers to the expressed, observable characteristics of an organism.