Healthcare and Nursing Nutrition & Dietary Management 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with night blindness?
- Vitamin A (Correct answer)
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin K
Correct answer: Vitamin A
Vitamin A deficiency impairs rhodopsin production in the retina, leading to difficulty seeing in low light (night blindness).
Question 2: A patient on a renal diet should restrict intake of which electrolyte to prevent hyperkalemia?
- Sodium
- Potassium (Correct answer)
- Calcium
- Magnesium
Correct answer: Potassium
Patients with chronic kidney disease must limit potassium intake because impaired kidneys cannot adequately excrete it, leading to hyperkalemia.
Question 3: Which type of therapeutic diet is indicated for a patient with dysphagia?
- Low-residue diet
- DASH diet
- Mechanical soft diet (Correct answer)
- Clear liquid diet
Correct answer: Mechanical soft diet
A mechanical soft diet consists of foods that are easy to chew and swallow, reducing aspiration risk in patients with dysphagia.
Question 4: What is the primary purpose of a clear liquid diet in the postoperative period?
- To maximize caloric intake
- To rest the gastrointestinal tract and prevent aspiration (Correct answer)
- To increase fiber intake
- To promote wound healing
Correct answer: To rest the gastrointestinal tract and prevent aspiration
Clear liquids are easy to digest and minimize GI stress while reducing aspiration risk as peristalsis resumes after surgery.
Question 5: A patient with Type 2 diabetes is following a carbohydrate-controlled diet. Which food choice is most appropriate?
- White bread
- Brown rice (Correct answer)
- Sugary cereal
- Regular soda
Correct answer: Brown rice
Brown rice has a lower glycemic index and more fiber than refined carbohydrates, leading to a slower rise in blood glucose.
Question 6: Which nutritional deficiency is most commonly seen in patients following strict vegan diets without supplementation?
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin B12 (Correct answer)
- Iron
- Folate
Correct answer: Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is found almost exclusively in animal products, so vegans are at high risk for deficiency without supplementation or fortified foods.
Healthcare and Nursing Nutrition & Dietary Management 1
Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly associated with night blindness?