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Power Sources and Distribution Flashcards

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  1. What is the nominal voltage of a single cell in a fully charged lead-acid battery?

    Answer: 2.0 volts per cell

    Each cell of a fully charged lead-acid battery has a nominal voltage of approximately 2.0 volts, so a 12V battery contains six cells in series.

  2. What is the primary operational advantage of lithium-ion batteries over lead-acid batteries in marine applications?

    Answer: Higher energy density and significantly lighter weight for the same capacity

    Lithium-ion batteries store significantly more energy per pound than lead-acid, making them ideal for weight-sensitive marine installations.

  3. Which charging method is specifically recommended for nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries to prevent overcharging damage?

    Answer: Constant current charging with a reliable termination method

    NiCd batteries require constant current (CC) charging because their relatively flat discharge curve makes voltage-based termination unreliable.

  4. When using a hydrometer to check a lead-acid battery, what specific gravity reading indicates a fully charged cell?

    Answer: 1.265 to 1.285 (fully charged)

    A fully charged lead-acid battery cell has electrolyte with a specific gravity of approximately 1.265 to 1.285.

  5. What is the primary purpose of applying a periodic equalization charge to a flooded lead-acid battery bank?

    Answer: Balancing cell voltages and dissolving early-stage lead sulfate crystal buildup

    Equalization applies a controlled overcharge that balances individual cell voltages and reverses early sulfation, extending overall battery life.

  6. In a marine system with two battery banks, what device allows both banks to be charged simultaneously from one alternator while preventing the discharged bank from draining the charged one?

    Answer: A battery isolator using diodes or MOSFETs

    A battery isolator uses diodes or MOSFETs to allow only unidirectional current flow, enabling simultaneous charging while preventing inter-bank discharge.

  7. What storage condition is the primary cause of sulfation (hardening of lead sulfate crystals) in lead-acid batteries?

    Answer: Leaving the battery in a discharged or partially discharged state for extended periods

    When a lead-acid battery remains discharged, lead sulfate on the plates gradually crystallizes into a hard form that resists normal recharging.