Pharmaceutical Sciences & Calculations Flashcards

Which solubility enhancing technique involves forming a complex between drug and cyclodextrin?

Answer: Complexation

Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with poorly water-soluble drugs, enhancing their solubility and bioavailability without chemical modification.

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used for in pharmacy?

Answer: Calculating degree of drug ionisation

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates pH, pKa, and the ratio of ionised to unionised drug, enabling prediction of ionisation state in body fluids.

A prodrug is:

Answer: An inactive compound converted to active drug in the body

Prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive compounds that undergo biotransformation in vivo to release the active drug, often improving absorption or reducing toxicity.

Which factor does NOT affect drug absorption from an oral solid dosage form?

Answer: Hair colour of the patient

Hair colour has no pharmacological relevance. Particle size, dissolution rate, and gastric emptying rate all significantly influence oral drug absorption.

In pharmaceutical compounding, a 'tincture' is defined as:

Answer: An alcoholic extract of plant material

Tinctures are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic extracts prepared from plant materials or animal drugs, typically at a 1:5 or 1:10 ratio.

What is the shelf life of a reconstituted oral antibiotic suspension typically?

Answer: 7–14 days refrigerated

Most reconstituted antibiotic suspensions (e.g., amoxicillin) are stable for 7–14 days when stored in a refrigerator after reconstitution.