Science Flashcards

Which organelle is responsible for controlling the activities of the cell?

Answer: Nucleus

The nucleus contains DNA and directs all cellular activities, acting as the control center of the cell.

An ecosystem where decomposers break down dead organisms is demonstrating which biogeochemical process?

Answer: Nutrient cycling

Decomposers break down dead organic matter and return nutrients to the soil, completing nutrient cycles like the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

What type of wave requires a medium to travel through?

Answer: Mechanical wave

Mechanical waves, such as sound waves, require a physical medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to transfer energy.

Which process describes water moving from the leaves of plants into the atmosphere?

Answer: Transpiration

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves into the atmosphere.

A scientist observes a fossil of a marine organism in a desert. What does this most likely indicate?

Answer: The desert was once covered by an ocean

Marine fossils found in desert regions indicate that the area was once submerged under water millions of years ago.

What is the relationship between an organism's genotype and phenotype?

Answer: Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the observable trait

Genotype refers to an organism's genetic code (alleles), while phenotype is the physical expression of those genes.

Which of the following correctly describes the law of conservation of energy?

Answer: The total energy in a closed system remains constant

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.