GI Nutrition & Gut Health 3

Question 1

Which dietary pattern is most strongly associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

High fiber, plant-rich Mediterranean diet

Answer

The Mediterranean diet's high fiber, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory content is linked to significantly lower colorectal cancer incidence.

Question 2

Iron absorption from non-heme plant sources is significantly enhanced by concurrent intake of which substance?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin C reduces ferric iron to the more absorbable ferrous form and forms a soluble chelate that resists inhibitory factors.

Question 3

In short bowel syndrome, which macronutrient should be increased relative to fat to reduce osmotic diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Fat (MCTs)

Answer

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are absorbed directly into the portal circulation without lymphatic processing, reducing steatorrhea.

Question 4

Which probiotic strain has the strongest evidence for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea, including C. difficile-associated disease?

Accepted Answer

Saccharomyces boulardii

Answer

Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast-based probiotic with robust evidence for reducing risk of antibiotic-associated and C. difficile diarrhea.

Question 5

Phytates found in legumes and whole grains act as antinutrients primarily by inhibiting the absorption of which minerals?

Accepted Answer

Iron, zinc, and calcium

Answer

Phytates chelate divalent cations including iron, zinc, and calcium, forming insoluble complexes that cannot be absorbed.

(GI) Gastrointestinal Practice Test