GI Disorders & Diseases 5

Question 1

Which condition is associated with adenomatous polyps that, if untreated, has near 100% risk of colorectal cancer by age 40?

Accepted Answer

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Answer

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), caused by APC gene mutations, leads to hundreds to thousands of adenomatous colonic polyps with virtually 100% malignant transformation if prophylactic colectomy is not performed.

Question 2

A patient presents with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, elevated lipase, and is found to have a serum triglyceride level of 2,000 mg/dL. What is the most likely etiology of pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Hypertriglyceridemia-induced

Answer

Severe hypertriglyceridemia (>1,000 mg/dL) is a recognized cause of acute pancreatitis, thought to result from hydrolysis of triglycerides releasing toxic free fatty acids within the pancreas.

Question 3

Which syndrome involves multiple hamartomatous polyps throughout the GI tract and is associated with mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation?

Accepted Answer

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Answer

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by hamartomatous polyps throughout the GI tract and distinctive mucocutaneous pigmentation around the lips, mouth, and fingertips.

Question 4

What is the most sensitive test for diagnosing H. pylori infection in a patient currently taking a proton pump inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Stool antigen test

Answer

Stool antigen test is the preferred non-invasive test for H. pylori when a patient is taking PPIs, as PPIs can cause false-negative results with urea breath test but have less interference with stool antigen testing.

Question 5

A patient with cirrhosis develops acute kidney injury with no identifiable cause, fractional excretion of sodium <1%, and no improvement with IV fluids. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hepatorenal syndrome

Answer

Hepatorenal syndrome is a form of functional renal failure in cirrhotic patients characterized by severe renal vasoconstriction, low FENa, no improvement with volume expansion, and absence of other renal causes.

(GI) Gastrointestinal Practice Test

(GI) Gastrointestinal Practice Test

GI Disorders & Diseases 5