GI GI Pediatric & Geriatric Considerations 2

Question 1

Which diagnostic test is used to confirm celiac disease in a child with suspected gluten intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Small bowel biopsy showing villous atrophy plus positive tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody

Answer

The gold standard for celiac diagnosis is small intestinal biopsy showing villous atrophy with positive serological testing for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies.

Question 2

In geriatric patients, which GI cancer screening guideline applies to average-risk individuals who are 75 years or older?

Accepted Answer

Individualize based on health status and life expectancy; may stop screening

Answer

US guidelines (USPSTF) recommend individualizing colorectal cancer screening decisions for adults 76–85, considering overall health and life expectancy, and generally stopping after age 85.

Question 3

What is the most common GI malignancy in children under 15 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Hepatoblastoma

Answer

Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver tumor in children, typically presenting before age 3 with an abdominal mass and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).

Question 4

Which condition causes fatty infiltration of the liver in obese children and is increasingly recognized in pediatric populations?

Accepted Answer

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Answer

NAFLD, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is the most common chronic liver disease in children, strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.

Question 5

In the elderly, decreased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone and impaired esophageal motility contribute to an increased prevalence of which condition?

Accepted Answer

GERD and Barrett's esophagus

Answer

Age-related reduction in LES pressure and esophageal clearance mechanisms increase reflux frequency in older adults, raising the risk of GERD and its complication, Barrett's esophagus.

(GI) Gastrointestinal Practice Test

(GI) Gastrointestinal Practice Test

GI GI Pediatric & Geriatric Considerations 2