Gerontological Nurse Test Chronic Disease Management in the Elderly

Question 1

In older adults with type 2 diabetes, which HbA1c target is generally recommended to reduce hypoglycemia risk while maintaining glycemic control?

Accepted Answer

7.0–8.0% for older adults with multiple comorbidities

Answer

Below 6.5%

Answer

Below 7.0%

Answer

Below 9.0% for all older adults

Question 2

Which complication of heart failure is most commonly assessed in older adults by monitoring daily weight?

Accepted Answer

Fluid retention and early decompensation

Answer

Hypertensive crisis

Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

Reduced ejection fraction progression

Question 3

An older adult with COPD is prescribed a long-acting bronchodilator. The nurse recognizes that the primary goals of COPD management in older adults include:

Accepted Answer

Symptom relief, prevention of exacerbations, and maintaining functional independence

Answer

Complete reversal of airflow obstruction and lung function restoration

Answer

Aggressive antibiotic therapy to prevent all respiratory infections

Answer

Supplemental oxygen therapy to maintain SpO2 above 99%

Question 4

Which dietary recommendation is the most important for an older adult with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Accepted Answer

Potassium and phosphorus restriction with adequate hydration

Answer

High-protein diet to prevent muscle wasting

Answer

Unrestricted sodium intake to maintain blood pressure

Answer

High-calcium supplementation to prevent bone disease

Question 5

A patient with osteoporosis suffers a vertebral compression fracture. The nurse expects which symptom as a primary complaint?

Accepted Answer

Sudden acute back pain with height loss

Answer

Gradual leg weakness over several weeks

Answer

Bilateral hip pain aggravated by weight bearing

Answer

Fever and localized spinal tenderness

Question 6

An older adult with hypertension has a consistently elevated blood pressure despite adherence to antihypertensive medications. The nurse should first assess for:

Accepted Answer

Secondary causes such as sleep apnea, medication interactions, or excessive sodium intake

Answer

Medication-seeking behavior

Answer

White coat hypertension requiring no intervention

Answer

The need to immediately escalate to IV antihypertensive therapy