General Fundamental Scientific Principles 3 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What is the relationship described by Ohm's Law?
- Power equals work divided by time
- Voltage equals current multiplied by resistance (Correct answer)
- Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration
- Energy equals mass multiplied by the speed of light squared
Correct answer: Voltage equals current multiplied by resistance
Ohm's Law states V = IR, meaning voltage equals current (amperes) times resistance (ohms).
Question 2: Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondrion (Correct answer)
- Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: Mitochondrion
Mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP via oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration.
Question 3: According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, what always increases in an isolated system?
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Entropy (Correct answer)
- Kinetic energy
Correct answer: Entropy
The Second Law states that entropy (disorder) of an isolated system tends to increase over time.
Question 4: What is the process by which a solid transforms directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase?
- Evaporation
- Condensation
- Sublimation (Correct answer)
- Deposition
Correct answer: Sublimation
Sublimation is the direct phase transition from solid to gas, as seen with dry ice (solid CO₂) at room temperature.
Question 5: Which scientist formulated the law of universal gravitation?
- Albert Einstein
- Galileo Galilei
- Isaac Newton (Correct answer)
- Johannes Kepler
Correct answer: Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton formulated the law of universal gravitation in 1687, describing the attractive force between any two masses.
Question 6: What is the atomic number of an element?
- Number of neutrons in the nucleus
- Number of protons in the nucleus (Correct answer)
- Total number of protons and neutrons
- Number of electrons in the outer shell
Correct answer: Number of protons in the nucleus
The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, uniquely identifying each element.
Question 7: Which wave property determines the pitch of a sound?
- Amplitude
- Wavelength
- Frequency (Correct answer)
- Speed
Correct answer: Frequency
The frequency of a sound wave — measured in hertz — determines its perceived pitch; higher frequency means higher pitch.
General Fundamental Scientific Principles 3
What is the relationship described by Ohm's Law?