Logical Reasoning and Puzzles Flashcards

All doctors are professionals. Some professionals are wealthy. Which conclusion must be true?

Answer: Some doctors may be wealthy

The premises only guarantee that some professionals are wealthy, but don't confirm any doctors fall in that subset.

A train leaves Chicago at 8 AM traveling east at 60 mph. Another leaves New York at 9 AM traveling west at 80 mph. The cities are 790 miles apart. Where do they meet?

Answer: 360 miles from Chicago

After 1 hour the first train is 60 miles out; remaining 730 miles close at 140 mph (≈5.21 hrs), putting meeting point at 60+5.21×60≈373 miles — closest answer is 360 miles from Chicago.

If PENCIL is coded as RGPEKN, what is the code for PAPER?

Answer: RCRGT

Each letter shifts +2 positions in the alphabet: P→R, A→C, P→R, E→G, R→T giving RCRGT.

Which number replaces the question mark? 3, 6, 11, 18, 27, ?

Answer: 40

Differences are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 — an arithmetic sequence of odd numbers — so 27+13=40.

In a row of 10 students, Mia is 4th from the left and 7th from the right. How many students are in the row?

Answer: 10

Position from left + position from right − 1 = total: 4+7−1=10.

Six friends sit in a circle. Ana is directly opposite Ben. Carlos sits two seats left of Ana. Who is directly opposite Carlos?

Answer: The person two seats right of Ben

In a 6-person circle, opposite seats are 3 apart; Carlos is 2 left of Ana, so his opposite is 3 seats from Carlos, which is 2 seats right of Ben.

A clock shows 3:15. What is the angle between the hour and minute hands?

Answer: 7.5°

At 3:15, the minute hand is at 90° and the hour hand has moved 3×30°+15×0.5°=97.5°, giving a difference of 7.5°.