GED Science 2
As part of a study on how skin type and redness correlate when exposed to different amounts of UV light, a scientist set up an experiment to see how much redness occurred on different skin types. The scientist classified 100 people into six different skin type categories, then exposed them to increasingly higher doses of UV light and recorded the level of redness that appeared on the skin. In this experiment, which variables are independent and which are dependent?
Scientists utilize both independent and dependent variables in experiments. An independent variable is one that scientists adjust in an experiment to see how it affects the dependent variable. The variable being measured is known as the dependent variable. The scientist controls two variables in this study: skin type and UV light. The level of redness on the skin is the dependent variable.
Rainfall in a tropical region is below average for 20 consecutive years. Animals adapted for dry conditions are much more plentiful at the end of the 20 years. Which of the following statements best explains the increase in the population of these animals?
Natural Selection is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Which of the following sets of organisms would be found in a wetland ecosystem?
A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally. A wetland ecosystem supports many species including, amphibians and reptiles.
There are four blood types in humans: A, B, AB, and O. An individual with blood type A has antibodies for B, so he or she can’t receive type B blood. Similarly, a person with blood type B has antibodies for type A and can’t receive type A blood. A person with AB blood type has no antibodies and can receive blood from anyone. A person with type O blood has both A and B antibodies and can receive blood only from someone else with type O blood. Based on this information, someone with type A blood can donate to?
Someone who has blood type A can donate blood to those who don’t have antibodies for A. These include other people with type A blood (they have antibodies for B only) and those with type AB blood (they don’t have any antibodies).
Which of the following is a source of genetic variation within a species?
Mutation is the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations.
In the winter, people like to wear coats. Why is this?
Coats provide insulation by reducing the amount of heat lost from the body.
Cold brew coffee is one of the hottest trends in coffee shops around the United States. It is commonly prepared by combining freshly ground coffee with cold water and allowing it to brew for 12 to 24 hours. One coffee shop experimented with pumping nitrous oxide into cold brewed coffee in the hopes of improving the taste. They discovered that the pressure of the nitrous gas had a profound effect on the flavor of the coffee as they experimented with this novel notion. At that time, they decided to conduct an experiment with three batches of coffee to determine the amount of pressure required to produce the greatest-tasting coffee. The provided chart depicts the methods that they followed for each batch. What was the problem with their experiment's design?
Brewers will be unable to distinguish which variable contributes to a sweeter coffee by modifying two of the variables, brew time and nitrous gas pressure. If they want to experiment with alternative brew times, they should do it in a separate experiment that employs nitrous gas at a consistent pressure.
The polar bear's dense fur and an exceptionally thick layer of fat under its skin protect it against the freezing temperatures of the habitat. How is natural selection in the evolution of a thick coat of fur in polar bears best explained?
Natural Selection is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution. In this case, polar bears with thicker fur were able to better survive in their environment while thinner furred polar bears died off over time.
What numbers should be filled in the blanks to balance the chemical equation?
The number of sulfur and fluorine molecules on either side of the reaction must be equal due to the rule of conservation of matter. As a result, the S8 on the reactant side requires 8 SF6 molecules on the product side. This results in a total of 6 8 = 48 fluorine molecules being produced on the product side, which must be balanced on the reactant side. Fluorine is known to react as F2, and we know that 48 total fluorine atoms are required; dividing 48 by 2 yields the right coefficient for the reacting F2.
Most bacteria cannot grow in high concentrations of salt. As a result?
Salty foods are less prone to bacterial attack because most bacteria can’t grow in environments that are too salty.
Researchers developed a method for forecasting the environmental impact of population growth: E = (P x N) ÷ T Where E stands for environmental effect, P is for population, N stands for energy consumption, and T stands for technological advancement. According to the equation, what element must change at a rate equal to the rate of population growth in order to sustain population expansion and maintain environmental impact?
It is important to note that environmental impact, E, is positively associated to both population, P, and energy consumption, N, while it is negatively related to new technology development, T. This means that if population or energy demand doubles, so would the environmental impact. It also suggests that doubling the development of new technology reduces the environmental impact by half. If population grows, two scenarios will sustain environmental impact: a corresponding decrease in energy use or a proportional increase in new technology development. Only the second possibility, a rise in technology, is an available answer choice.
A cladogram is a graphic that categorizes organisms based on their similarities. It also depicts the evolutionary links between the groups. Which of the following claims is true based on the information in this cladogram?
Following the emergence of little seeds, the evolutionary branch split several more times, resulting in the development of tomatoes, watermelons, oranges, and lemons.
Earth's oceans are subject to tides, waves, and currents. These elements influence how humans interact with the ocean and how ocean water interacts with land. Tides are variations in ocean sea levels that occur on a regular basis. Which of the following factors contributes to ocean tides?
The moon's gravitational influence on Earth causes periodic fluctuations in sea levels, often known as tides. Wind intensity can generate waves in ocean waters, but it is insufficient to influence tides. Ocean currents can be caused by density changes in saltwater. The movement of tectonic plates in the water can result in large-scale ocean disasters like tsunamis. Tides are not influenced by density variations or tectonic plate movement since they are not powerful or constant enough.
Grey fur color predominates over white fur color in mice. Two mice mate and have children; the female mouse has the genotype (gg), which causes white fur, while the male mouse has the genotype (Gg), which causes grey fur. Calculate the likelihood that these two mice will have offspring with white fur using the Punnett square.
The offspring of a white (gg) mouse and a grey (Gg) mouse have a 50% chance of having white fur (gg). The complete Punnett square demonstrates that the offspring have a 2/4 chance of possessing the genotype that creates the phenotype for white fur. The other half of the period, the genotype (Gg), which is the phenotypic for grey fur, is obtained.
The tendency to resist change in order to maintain a stable, relatively consistent internal environment is referred to as homeostasis. Negative feedback loops are commonly used in homeostasis to counterbalance changes in various attributes from their goal values, known as set points. Which of the following best defines the feedback system utilized by a healthy individual to control body temperature in both warm and cold environments?
The body must first process the requirement for change and then properly signal the appropriate change given the scenario. Sweating acts as a cooling process by removing heat via evaporation. Shivering generates heat energy through small, fast mechanical muscle movements.
What type of simple machine is a seesaw an example of?
Because it is made up of a bar and a fulcrum, a seesaw is an example of a lever. A wedge, also known as an incline plane, is a triangular machine that allows for less effort to be delivered over a longer distance to do the same amount of work. A pulley is a two or more wheeled equipment that provides mechanical advantage while lifting goods using a rope. To increase mechanical advantage, pulleys and levers can be coupled. A seesaw is a lever that does not have a pulley attached to it.
Which of the following photosynthetic claims is correct?
The equation indicates that in the presence of light, precisely 6 molecules of carbon dioxide will combine with exactly 6 molecules of water to form exactly 1 molecule of sugar and 6 molecules of diatomic oxygen. Because of the law of conservation of matter, the right answer will maintain the original equation's ratio of reactants to products. Only the second answer choice yields a proportionate equation to the original equation: because the coefficient of each reactant is doubled, the coefficient of each product is similarly doubled. The other response options all improperly change the product-to-reactant ratios and violate the rule of conservation of matter.
Which of the following is NOT true?
Animal cells usually don’t have a cell wall. Other statements are true.
Yellowstone National Park is well-known for its various landscapes and diverse wildlife population. The Rocky Mountain wolf has maintained a long-standing predator-prey interaction with the park's deer. Grey wolves have been reintroduced in recent years to help diversify the animal population. What is the link between the Rocky Mountain and the Grey Wolf based on the chart?
With the introduction and increasing population size of the Grey wolf, the population sizes of the Rocky Mountain wolf and their deer prey decreased, implying that the Rocky Mountain and Grey wolves compete for their deer prey. Mutualism is a relationship in which both members of the interacting populations benefit. It would be surprising to see a decline in the size of the Rocky Mountain wolf population if the wolf species had a mutualistic relationship because neither wolf species is expected to prey on the other. One member of the interacting population benefits and the other is unaffected.
Which of the following levels of organization best represents the sequence from smallest unit to largest?
Correct answer is cell, tissue, organ, organ system.