Special Education Flashcards

The acronym for the behavior analysis ABC technique is...

Answer: Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence

Explanation: Events that occur just before a problem behavior and potentially cause it are called antecedents. Events that follow a problematic action are known as consequences, and they have the power to reinforce the habit. The ABC behavior analysis model looks at the sequence of an antecedent, the conduct, the reinforcement of the behavior by the consequence, and so on. The purpose of an action, or what it achieves for the individual, can be ascertained by understanding what prompts it and what rewards it.

A pupil with _____________ has a lot of trouble writing mechanically. She drops her pencil, struggles to write clearly, and has trouble reading what she has written.

Answer: Dysgraphia

Explanation: Dysgraphia. Dysgraphic people struggle with the physical demands of writing. While many discographers are clever and capable of articulate communication, they work tremendously to hold a writing instrument and form letters.

What categories of intelligence are students grouped into according to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

Answer: Verbal linguistic, mathematical logical, musical, visual spatial, body kinesthetic, interpersonal, naturalistic, existential.

Explanation: Verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial-visual, kinesthetic-body, naturalistic, existential. As a solution to how teachers might most successfully reach all of their pupils, Harvard Professor Howard Gardner points to his theory of multiple intelligences, often known as learning styles. The learning styles of pupils with learning difficulties should be considered while designing classes.

An ODD diagnosis has been made for a high school student. Following are a few examples of the diagnostic' symptoms:

Answer: He goes out of his way to annoy others, is defiant and goes into childish rages in which he blames others

Explanation: He makes it a point to irritate others, acts defiantly, occasionally loses control, and snaps at them while blaming others. Oppositional Defiant Disorder, a psychiatric disorder marked by disobedience, temper tantrums, extremely annoying behavior, refusal to follow the rules, argumentative behavior, and placing blame on others, has been identified as the student's condition.

Five pupils with cerebral palsy will be in Ms. Santos's class this year, which she teaches at an elementary school. Two of these five have been identified as having intellectual impairments. Ms. Santos should anticipate the following:

Answer: The degrees of disability and hence special education needs of all five students could vary widely.

Explanation: Likely, the degrees of disability and special education needs of the five students with cerebral palsy in Ms. Santos's class could vary widely. Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that affects muscle control and movement, and it can present in various ways, ranging from mild to severe. Similarly, the intellectual disabilities of the two students with dual diagnoses may also vary in terms of their severity and impact on learning.

A pupil who struggles to comprehend spoken language is lacking in...

Answer: Receptive communication

Explanation: The inability to comprehend spoken language one hears a sign of a communication deficit in receptive communication. Communicating issues are a sign of expressive communication deficits (A), caused by speech issues like poor articulation, stuttering, voice issues, or language processing issues like trouble remembering words or building sentences. Verbal communication (C) involves using words instead of nonverbal cues like body language, facial expression, and gestures. However, this term does not distinguish between expressive and receptive communication. Understanding spoken language is not just restricted to social interactions; it also happens in lectures, classes, audio and video recordings, and other settings. Social communication (D) is communication utilized in social interactions.

A second grader needs help to stay seated. When asked to solve math problems, she paces the room, sprawls on the floor, rolls back and forth, and leaps up and down. She rolls her eyes in obvious contempt as the teacher urges her to sit down and looks to the other students for encouragement. She chuckles and makes a face when she sees a student staring back. The girl can consistently maintain control over her activities for extended periods, and the teacher has observed when a reward is associated with good behavior. She becomes furious, emotional, and pouty when reprimanded without a tip. Most likely, this child is exhibiting:

Answer: Lack of sufficiently developed behavior and social skills

The girl can control her behavior for long stretches and behaves well when a reward is offered, which points to underdeveloped behavioral and social skills rather than a clinical disorder. True ADHD, Tourette's, or psychosis would not switch off simply because a reward is promised, so those diagnoses don't fit the pattern.

Fifth-grader Andy has ADHD, sometimes referred to as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following conditions has a higher likelihood of co-occurring with ADHD?

Answer: Learning disability

Explanation: Compared to students without ADHD, individuals with it are more likely to have a learning handicap. Although students with ADHD can also have other difficulties, it is most usual for them to also have learning disabilities. Students with ADHD often struggle academically or fall behind because their learning abilities are impacted. Answers B, C, and are inaccurate since they do not occur as frequently as learning challenges. They may also experience speech difficulties, sadness, or anxiety.

Henry is nonverbal and immobile due to his severe cerebral palsy. Although he is illiterate, he can answer yes or no questions and has great receptive language skills. He is unable to use his fingers or hands in a functional manner because to severe conjectures, although he can hold something in his fist. You are acquiring for him special tools. Which is the wisest decision?

Answer: An interactive whiteboard with a pointer.

Explanation: Henry can hold an object in his fist and use a pointer to point to different images on a communication board to express what he needs. As a result, choice A is accurate.

Steve, who has a very high IQ but requires a wheelchair, is nearly completely paralyzed with the exception of a small amount of one hand use, which he uses only to press buttons. He is unable to talk since his paralysis affects his vocal cords. Steve performs exceptionally well in all academic areas, but especially well in the sciences and in both expressive and receptive language. His impairments restrict his ability to communicate. Which adaptive technology would be most useful for him both in the classroom and elsewhere?

Answer: A computer equipped with a voice synthesizer that he can program to speak on his behalf.

Explanation: Steve could program all of his vocabulary into a computer that has a voice synthesizer built in. Even with his vocal cords paralyzed, he could communicate. He has a high IQ and excellent expressive and receptive language abilities, so this is the best option for him.

Ben is a student making the move from living in a residential facility to living in the community. He uses a wheelchair and is nonverbal, but he can vocalize. He had no bladder control and was using a diaper due to a combination of physical and intellectual disabilities. After consulting with the doctor, nurses, and therapists, they believe that his physical condition shouldn't stand in the way of him learning bladder control through practice. He was given an enuresis alarm by a therapist, which he wears in his diaper and activates when it gets wet. This does not make Ben independent, but it does give him and the staff a more immediate awareness of when urination occurs. What do they teach him to do as the next step?

Answer: When he feels wet, he should raise his hand and speak up.

Explanation: Ben is now accustomed to the alarm, which has helped him realize that he has urinated. The next step is for him to realize that he is wet without the alarm serving as a reminder. He can tell the staff that he is aware of this by raising his hand and speaking.

What does NOT constitute an environmental factor that might promote the development of students?

Answer: Having intelligent parents.

Explanation: The influences from the outside world that mold who we are or become include environmental factors that promote positive development. Being raised by intelligent parents is a biological trait that may influence who we become. Because each of these involves environmental factors and outside influences, Answers A, B, and C are incorrect. Although they may each have a positive impact, they would be considered environmental factors.

William, who has autism, excels in computer programming. While still in high school, his teacher assisted him in locating a part-time work in computer technology. William's parents had always allowed him to live at home. After high school, he will continue working a part-time job while also enrolling in studies at a community college. He wants to live independently but is unaware of what he will need to know to do so. How can his teacher best assist him in achieving this objective?

Answer: Share with him the webpage of a free resource network that supports such transitions.

Explanation: Given that William is computer literate, directing him to a website makes sense. For instance, the TASH website contains a connection to its Bridge Network, a free resource network that gives access to a contact database that includes numerous requirements of people with disabilities. It provides resources for living in communities, self-determination, and the transition from school to adulthood, among many other things. William might find resources on his own and get the assistance he needs to make this shift if you let him know about a website like this. As a result, choice B is accurate.

Ms. Wood is a fresh instructor. Many of the kids in her first class come from urban and disadvantaged backgrounds. These pupils do worse on measures of language and logic on standardized examinations she administers. When given the word "cup" and the options of "saucer," "table," "fork," or "chair," for example, these kids select "table" rather than "saucer" when completing word pairs. What might possibly account for this?

Answer: Because these students had never used a cup and saucer, one is placed on the table.

Explanation: Students from underprivileged metropolitan areas frequently lack experience with a cup and saucer as a pair that go together; they may have never really seen these two objects together. They would understand why a cup would go on the table. This illustration shows how many standardized assessments are biased against certain cultures. As a result, choice A is accurate.

Which of the following statements about co-occurring conditions for ADHD students receiving special education assistance is accurate?

Answer: Nearly half of students with ADHD also struggle academically.

Explanation: Children with ADHD frequently display learning disabilities in one or more subject areas. These children frequently find it difficult to keep up with their studies, which causes them to lag behind and have difficulty learning. It's critical to identify and comprehend any disabilities a pupil may experience. Because learning problems are the most frequent co-occurring disorders with ADHD, answer an is wrong. Because speech issues are more frequent in students with ADHD, answer b is untrue. Less than half of students with ADHD also have conduct difficulties, thus answer d is untrue.

Which of the following statements is true with the humanism learning theory?

Answer: The notion does not adequately explain innate goodness.

Explanation: The humanism idea states that humans are fundamentally good and have a drive to make themselves better. The idea claims that human experiences influences the behaviors and decisions people make, but it takes an optimistic attitude to the human experience. Although the idea states that each individual is fundamentally good, it does not specify what this means or how it is measured. a day in the life. There being a day in the life, there being a day in the history of the day in the history of the day in the history of the day in the history of the day. Answers b is inaccurate since not recognizing the social part of learning is a major critique of the cognitivism theory. Answer c is inaccurate since being relative and without proving right or wrong answers is an example of the constructivism idea.