FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Angles, Bearings & Azimuths 3

Question 1

What is 'astronomic (true) north' based on?

Accepted Answer

The direction toward Earth's geographic (rotational) north pole

Answer

True (astronomic) north is the direction toward Earth's geographic North Pole, determined by celestial observations or GPS azimuth.

Question 2

In a traverse, the azimuth of each successive course is computed by:

Accepted Answer

Adding the previous azimuth to the deflection angle with sign

Answer

Forward azimuth = back azimuth of the preceding course plus or minus deflection angle (R positive, L negative), adjusting by 360 degrees as needed.

Question 3

A 6-sided closed traverse has interior angles summing to 722 degrees. The angular error of closure is:

Accepted Answer

2 degrees

Answer

Theoretical sum = (6-2) times 180 = 720 degrees; error = 722 minus 720 = +2 degrees.

Question 4

The 'gon' (or 'grad') unit divides a full circle into how many parts?

Accepted Answer

400

Answer

The grad (gon) divides a full circle into 400 parts, with 100 grads per right angle, used in European surveying and some scientific applications.

Question 5

What is 'meridian convergence' in state plane surveying?

Accepted Answer

The angular difference between geodetic north and grid north at a given point

Answer

Meridian convergence is the small angle between geodetic (true) north and grid north at any point away from the central meridian of a projection zone.

FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Practice Test

FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Practice Test

FUNDAMENTAL SURVEYING Angles, Bearings & Azimuths 3