FTCE Exceptional Student Education K-12 Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: In a three-tier RTI model, which tier provides targeted small-group interventions for students who do not adequately respond to core instruction?

Tier 1
Tier 2 (Correct answer)
Tier 3
Tier 4

Correct answer: Tier 2

Tier 2 consists of targeted, supplemental small-group interventions (typically groups of 3–5 students) for those who do not make adequate progress with Tier 1 core instruction.

Question 2: A Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) should include all of the following EXCEPT:

A description of the target behavior in observable, measurable terms
The student's diagnosis as the primary explanation for the behavior (Correct answer)
Replacement behaviors that serve the same function as the problem behavior
Strategies for teaching and reinforcing the replacement behavior

Correct answer: The student's diagnosis as the primary explanation for the behavior

A BIP addresses behaviors functionally. A student's diagnosis does not explain the function of behavior and should not be used as the primary justification in a BIP.

Question 3: When writing IEP goals, the special educator should primarily draw from which data source to establish the baseline?

The student's performance compared to the class average
Anecdotal observations from the previous year's teacher
The student's PLAAFP, which is based on current evaluation and classroom data (Correct answer)
Standardized grade-level curriculum benchmarks without individualization

Correct answer: The student's PLAAFP, which is based on current evaluation and classroom data

IEP goals should be directly tied to the baseline information in the PLAAFP, which uses current evaluation results and classroom performance data to establish where the student currently performs.

Question 4: A 17-year-old student with an intellectual disability wants to work in a grocery store. Which transition service would MOST directly support this goal?

Placement in a self-contained classroom to develop prerequisite skills
Enrollment in an advanced placement academic program
Referral to the school counselor for college application assistance
A community-based work experience at a local grocery store with job coach support (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A community-based work experience at a local grocery store with job coach support

A community-based work experience with job coaching directly prepares the student for the specific employment goal in a real-world setting.

Question 5: Which type of assessment measures a student's performance against a predetermined standard of mastery rather than comparing the student to a normative peer group?

Norm-referenced assessment
Ecological assessment
Dynamic assessment
Criterion-referenced assessment (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Criterion-referenced assessment

Criterion-referenced assessments determine whether a student has mastered specific skills or content standards, independent of how other students score. Norm-referenced tests, by contrast, rank students relative to a standardized comparison sample.

Question 6: Extended time as a testing accommodation is appropriate for students who:

Are English language learners only
Have a disability that affects the speed at which they can process information or produce responses (Correct answer)
Have received any IEP designation regardless of disability impact on pace
Simply prefer more time to check their answers

Correct answer: Have a disability that affects the speed at which they can process information or produce responses

Extended time is appropriate when a student's disability directly affects processing speed, reading fluency, or written expression — not as a general benefit for all students with IEPs.

Question 7: A co-teaching team is planning a math lesson. The special education teacher will work with a small group on a modified version of the lesson while the general education teacher leads the class. This is an example of which co-teaching model?

Station teaching
One teach, one observe
Alternative teaching (Correct answer)
Team teaching

Correct answer: Alternative teaching

Alternative teaching involves one teacher working with a small group on different or modified content while the other teaches the larger class.

Question 8: Which type of graphic organizer best supports a student with a learning disability in organizing ideas before writing an essay?

A web or outline organizer that maps main ideas and supporting details (Correct answer)
A Venn diagram for comparing two concepts
A multiplication table
A timeline of historical events

Correct answer: A web or outline organizer that maps main ideas and supporting details

Web or outline organizers help students plan essay structure by visually mapping the relationship between main ideas, supporting details, and examples before drafting.

Question 9: When differentiating by 'learning profile,' a teacher is accounting for:

The student's preferred learning style, intelligence strength, or cultural background (Correct answer)
The student's reading grade equivalency score
The student's current academic performance level
The student's interest in a particular subject

Correct answer: The student's preferred learning style, intelligence strength, or cultural background

Learning profile differentiation addresses learning styles, multiple intelligences, cultural preferences, and individual ways of processing information.

Question 10: A teacher wants to increase family engagement for parents who are unable to attend school events due to work schedules. Which strategy is MOST likely to be effective?

Noting non-attendance in the student's file as a parental concern
Reducing family communication to avoid burdening working parents
Sending formal letters requiring attendance at school events
Offering flexible engagement options such as virtual meetings, take-home activities, and weekend events (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Offering flexible engagement options such as virtual meetings, take-home activities, and weekend events

Offering flexible meeting formats, virtual options, and varied schedules removes access barriers and signals that the school values and accommodates diverse family circumstances.

Question 11: Which communication support is MOST commonly used with non-verbal or minimally verbal students with ASD?

Lip-reading training
Whisper phones for one-on-one communication
Sign language as the exclusive communication method
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems, including PECS, speech-generating devices, or communication apps (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems, including PECS, speech-generating devices, or communication apps

AAC systems — including PECS, speech-generating devices, and communication apps — provide non-verbal and minimally verbal students with ASD accessible means to communicate.

Question 12: Which instructional approach uses a series of graduated prompts from least intrusive to most intrusive to help students complete a task independently?

Overcorrection
Errorless learning
Backward chaining
Least-to-most prompting (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Least-to-most prompting

Least-to-most prompting starts with the least intrusive prompt and progresses to more direct prompts only if the student does not respond, fading support as independence increases.

Question 13: Which instructional strategy involves providing temporary support to students until they can perform a task independently?

Direct instruction
Modeling
Scaffolding (Correct answer)
Inquiry-based learning

Correct answer: Scaffolding

Scaffolding is an instructional strategy where teachers provide temporary, structured support to students as they learn new concepts or skills. This support, which can include hints, modeling, or breaking tasks into smaller steps, is gradually reduced as the student gains proficiency. The goal is to help students achieve independence in performing the task.

Question 14: A student with a reading disability benefits most from which low-tech accommodation to access grade-level text?

A graphic organizer for pre-reading
A peer reading buddy
Highlighted key vocabulary in the textbook
Text-to-speech software (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Text-to-speech software

Text-to-speech software allows students with reading disabilities to access written content independently at grade level by converting text to audio.

Question 15: Which Florida ESE document summarizes a student's evaluation results and determines eligibility for special education services?

504 Plan
Evaluation Summary Report (ESR) (Correct answer)
IEP
Progress Monitoring Report

Correct answer: Evaluation Summary Report (ESR)

In Florida, the Evaluation Summary Report (ESR) documents all evaluation data and the team's eligibility determination for exceptional student education services.

Question 16: Which term describes the requirement that special education decisions must be based on multiple sources of data rather than a single test score?

Universal Design for Learning
Child Find
Nondiscriminatory Evaluation (Correct answer)
Response to Intervention

Correct answer: Nondiscriminatory Evaluation

Nondiscriminatory Evaluation under IDEA requires that eligibility decisions be based on a variety of assessment tools and strategies, not a single measure.

Question 17: The primary difference between a speech disorder and a language disorder is that:

Speech disorders are more severe and require more intensive services than language disorders
Speech disorders involve the mechanics of sound production; language disorders involve the content, form, or use of language (Correct answer)
Language disorders affect only written language; speech disorders affect only spoken language
Speech disorders affect comprehension; language disorders affect production

Correct answer: Speech disorders involve the mechanics of sound production; language disorders involve the content, form, or use of language

Speech disorders affect the physical production of sounds (articulation, fluency, voice), while language disorders affect the understanding or formulation of language (vocabulary, grammar, discourse).

Question 18: Which transition-related community agency provides supported employment services for adults with developmental disabilities in Florida?

The Florida Department of Education only
The Florida Department of Revenue
Agency for Persons with Disabilities (APD) (Correct answer)
The Florida Board of Education

Correct answer: Agency for Persons with Disabilities (APD)

The Agency for Persons with Disabilities (APD) in Florida funds and supports community-based services including supported employment, residential supports, and day programs for adults with developmental disabilities.

Question 19: A student with emotional/behavioral disorder frequently disrupts class when given independent work. An FBA reveals the behavior is escape-motivated. Which intervention is MOST function-matched?

Increasing the difficulty of independent work assignments
Teaching the student to request a break using an appropriate communication strategy (Correct answer)
Sending the student to the principal's office when disruptions occur
Ignoring all disruptive behavior during independent work

Correct answer: Teaching the student to request a break using an appropriate communication strategy

Since the behavior functions to escape work, teaching an appropriate escape request (asking for a break) meets the same need through an acceptable behavior.

Question 20: When selecting assistive technology for a student, the IEP team should FIRST consider:

The availability of technology already in the school
What devices other students with similar diagnoses use
The student's specific functional needs and how AT can address barriers to learning (Correct answer)
The cost of the device

Correct answer: The student's specific functional needs and how AT can address barriers to learning

AT selection must be individualized, starting with an assessment of the student's specific functional limitations and how AT can remove barriers to accessing the curriculum and demonstrating learning.

Question 21: What is the key difference between punishment and negative reinforcement in behavioral terms?

Negative reinforcement increases behavior by removing something unpleasant; punishment decreases behavior (Correct answer)
Both decrease behavior but at different rates
Both increase behavior but through different means
Punishment increases behavior; negative reinforcement decreases behavior

Correct answer: Negative reinforcement increases behavior by removing something unpleasant; punishment decreases behavior

Negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus following a behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior; punishment applies an aversive consequence or removes a positive stimulus, which decreases behavior.

Question 22: What does FERPA protect in the context of special education?

The confidentiality of students' educational records (Correct answer)
The right of students to participate in extracurricular activities
A student's right to free appropriate public education
A student's right to receive related services

Correct answer: The confidentiality of students' educational records

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act) protects the privacy of student educational records and gives parents the right to access and amend those records.

Question 23: Which of the following is an example of 'error analysis' in data-driven instruction?

Calculating a student's overall percentage correct on a test
Examining patterns in a student's incorrect responses to identify specific misunderstandings or skill gaps (Correct answer)
Comparing a student's performance to the class average
Graphing a student's weekly reading fluency scores

Correct answer: Examining patterns in a student's incorrect responses to identify specific misunderstandings or skill gaps

Error analysis involves reviewing incorrect responses to identify patterns — for example, consistently reversing letters or making regrouping errors — that point to specific instructional targets.

Question 24: A Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) is most appropriately conducted when:

A student is suspended for the first time regardless of disability status
The general education teacher requests a student be removed from class
Any student in the school displays disruptive behavior
A student's behavior interferes with learning and a data-based plan for support is needed (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A student's behavior interferes with learning and a data-based plan for support is needed

An FBA is conducted to identify the function of a student's challenging behavior so that an effective Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) can be developed to address behavior that interferes with learning.

Question 25: A student with ADHD is provided preferential seating near the teacher. This accommodation primarily addresses which barrier?

Fine motor challenges with handwriting
Difficulty sustaining attention and reducing off-task distractions (Correct answer)
Limited working memory for multi-step directions
Reading decoding difficulties

Correct answer: Difficulty sustaining attention and reducing off-task distractions

Preferential seating near the teacher reduces environmental distractions, allows for discreet redirection, and helps students with ADHD maintain attention during instruction.

Question 26: Which progress monitoring tool is most widely used in RTI models to track student growth in reading?

Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) (Correct answer)
Anecdotal observation records
Norm-referenced standardized achievement tests
Portfolio assessments

Correct answer: Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM)

Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) is the most widely researched and used progress monitoring approach in RTI because it is brief, sensitive to growth, and administered frequently.

Question 27: According to PBIS (Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports), what percentage of a school's student population should respond positively to Tier 1 universal supports alone?

Approximately 50–60%
Approximately 65–70%
Approximately 80–85% (Correct answer)
Approximately 95–100%

Correct answer: Approximately 80–85%

The three-tier PBIS model predicts that roughly 80–85% of students will have their behavioral needs met through school-wide Tier 1 universal strategies. Students who do not respond move to more intensive Tier 2 or Tier 3 supports.

Question 28: When modifying curriculum for an ESE student, what is the key distinction between an accommodation and a modification?

Accommodations provide access without altering content standards; modifications change the content or performance expectations (Correct answer)
Accommodations change what is learned; modifications change how it is assessed
Both are the same and used interchangeably
Modifications are only for students with physical disabilities

Correct answer: Accommodations provide access without altering content standards; modifications change the content or performance expectations

Accommodations provide access to grade-level content without changing what is being learned or assessed, while modifications alter the grade-level content standards or performance expectations themselves.

Question 29: Sensory processing difficulties, restricted interests, and insistence on sameness or routines are characteristics often associated with which exceptionality?

Dyscalculia
Specific Learning Disability in Written Expression
Other Health Impairment (ADHD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Autism Spectrum Disorder

Sensory sensitivities, intense/restricted interests, and need for routine and sameness are hallmark characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Question 30: Under Florida ESE rules, within how many days must parents receive a copy of the Evaluation Summary Report (ESR) prior to the eligibility meeting?

2 days
10 days
5 days (Correct answer)
15 days

Correct answer: 5 days

Florida rules require that parents receive a copy of the Evaluation Summary Report at least 5 days before the eligibility meeting, giving them adequate time to review the findings.

Question 31: Which transition model emphasizes that students should be involved in planning their future beginning in middle school, with increasing student agency over time?

Student-centered transition planning (Correct answer)
Compliance-based IEP model
Deficit-based transition model
Medical model of disability

Correct answer: Student-centered transition planning

Student-centered transition planning places the student at the center of all planning decisions, emphasizing their strengths, preferences, and goals, with increasing responsibility over time as they develop self-advocacy skills.

Question 32: A well-written IEP goal must be measurable. Which goal is written most measurably?

The student will improve reading skills during the school year
Given a grade-3 passage, the student will correctly answer 4 of 5 comprehension questions with 80% accuracy across 3 consecutive trials (Correct answer)
The student will try harder on reading comprehension assignments
The student will demonstrate understanding of grade-level text

Correct answer: Given a grade-3 passage, the student will correctly answer 4 of 5 comprehension questions with 80% accuracy across 3 consecutive trials

A measurable IEP goal includes the condition, the behavior, the criterion, and the evaluation method — making it possible to objectively determine whether the goal has been met.

Question 33: Which transition service pathway connects graduating ESE students with community living supports for individuals with developmental disabilities in Florida?

Agency for Persons with Disabilities (APD) (Correct answer)
Florida Department of Education
Division of Vocational Rehabilitation
Department of Children and Families

Correct answer: Agency for Persons with Disabilities (APD)

Florida's Agency for Persons with Disabilities (APD) provides waiver programs and community-based supports for individuals with developmental disabilities, making it a key adult services partner in transition planning.

Question 34: School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) is organized around three tiers. Which description BEST represents Tier 1?

Universal, school-wide prevention strategies and expectations for all students (Correct answer)
Small-group interventions for students at risk for behavioral difficulties
Functional behavior assessments for students with IEPs
Intensive, individualized interventions for students with chronic behavioral challenges

Correct answer: Universal, school-wide prevention strategies and expectations for all students

Tier 1 in SWPBIS consists of universal prevention strategies — clear school-wide expectations, consistent routines, and positive recognition for all students.

Question 35: Which evidence-based transition practice involves placing students in actual workplaces for paid or unpaid work experiences while still in school?

Simulated workplace training
Vocational textbook instruction
Career exploration classroom activities
Work-based learning experiences (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Work-based learning experiences

Work-based learning experiences — such as job shadowing, internships, and paid employment — place students in real workplace settings, providing authentic preparation for competitive integrated employment.

Question 36: What is the primary purpose of a behavior intervention plan (BIP)?

To identify and address the reasons behind a student's behavior (Correct answer)
To assign a behavior grade to students
To provide academic support
To punish undesirable behavior

Correct answer: To identify and address the reasons behind a student's behavior

The primary purpose of a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) is to proactively address challenging behaviors by identifying their underlying causes and developing strategies to teach replacement behaviors. A BIP is based on the findings of a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) and aims to support students in learning more appropriate ways to meet their needs. It focuses on understanding and changing behavior, not just punishing it.

Question 37: A teacher provides physical guidance to help a student complete a task, then fades to a verbal prompt, then a gesture, and finally expects independent performance. This sequence represents:

Most-to-least prompting (Correct answer)
Constant time delay
Simultaneous prompting
Least-to-most prompting

Correct answer: Most-to-least prompting

Most-to-least prompting begins with the most intrusive level of support (physical guidance) and systematically withdraws assistance toward less intrusive prompts as the student gains proficiency.

Question 38: A teacher is using a student's progress monitoring data to make an instructional decision. Four consecutive data points fall significantly below the aimline. What action is recommended?

Continue the same instruction and document the lack of progress
Graph 4 more data points before taking any action
Modify the instructional program — adjust the intervention approach, intensity, or type (Correct answer)
Lower the IEP goal to match the student's current performance level

Correct answer: Modify the instructional program — adjust the intervention approach, intensity, or type

When 4 consecutive data points fall below the aimline, research-based decision rules indicate the teacher should modify the instructional program rather than continuing without change.

Question 39: Under IDEA 2004, what event triggers the requirement for an IEP team to conduct a Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) if one has not previously been completed?

The student with a disability faces a disciplinary change of placement (Correct answer)
The student transfers from a school in another district
The student receives three or more office referrals within a single grading period
The student fails to meet two consecutive IEP behavioral objectives

Correct answer: The student with a disability faces a disciplinary change of placement

IDEA mandates an FBA when a disciplinary removal constitutes a change of placement (more than 10 consecutive school days or a pattern of shorter removals). The FBA findings then guide development of a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP).

Question 40: A parent asks the special education teacher to explain their child's eligibility category and what it means for their daily instruction. The MOST appropriate response is to:

Decline to discuss eligibility categories, as this is the school psychologist's role
Provide a handout without verbal explanation
Direct the parent to read the evaluation report independently
Explain the eligibility category in plain language and connect it to specific instructional supports in the IEP (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Explain the eligibility category in plain language and connect it to specific instructional supports in the IEP

Explaining eligibility categories in plain language and connecting them to specific IEP supports helps parents understand how their child's needs are being addressed.

Question 41: Under IDEA, students with disabilities aged 16 and older must have which component included in their IEP?

A statement of assistive technology needs
Measurable postsecondary transition goals and services (Correct answer)
Extended school year justification
A behavior intervention plan

Correct answer: Measurable postsecondary transition goals and services

IDEA requires IEPs for students 16 and older (or younger if appropriate per state law) to include measurable postsecondary goals and transition services based on the student's strengths and preferences.

Question 42: The special educator's role during a parent-teacher conference about a student with a disability should primarily be to:

Discourage parents from requesting additional services
Defend the school's decisions and current programming
Limit discussion to academic performance data only
Serve as a collaborative partner who shares the family's goals for their child (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Serve as a collaborative partner who shares the family's goals for their child

Special educators should approach parent conferences as collaborative partnerships, recognizing parents as equal team members who share important insights about their child's needs and strengths.

Question 43: What is 'video modeling' and why is it particularly effective for students with ASD?

A technique in which the student watches a video of a model performing a target skill and then imitates the skill (Correct answer)
A strategy for teaching academic content through educational videos
A classroom management strategy using video surveillance
A method for parents to record student behaviors at home

Correct answer: A technique in which the student watches a video of a model performing a target skill and then imitates the skill

Video modeling involves having the student watch a video of someone performing a target skill, then imitating it. It is effective for ASD because many students with ASD are strong visual learners and respond well to the predictability of video format.

Question 44: A student's progress monitoring data shows a flat trend line despite 6 weeks of instruction. According to data-based decision-making protocols, what should the teacher do?

Continue the current instruction for at least 6 more weeks before making changes
Discontinue progress monitoring until the student catches up
Refer the student for a more restrictive placement immediately
Review and modify the instructional approach, considering more intensive or differentiated strategies (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Review and modify the instructional approach, considering more intensive or differentiated strategies

A flat trend line over 6 weeks indicates the current instruction is not producing growth, and the teacher should analyze the data and modify the instructional approach.

Question 45: A student with a moderate intellectual disability is in an inclusive 5th-grade classroom during a unit on American history. His IEP goal focuses on identifying community helpers. Which approach BEST exemplifies appropriate curriculum modification?

Connecting the history unit to the student's IEP goal by having him identify historical figures as community helpers and their roles (Correct answer)
Having the student sit quietly during history lessons without participating
Removing the student from the classroom for all history instruction
Requiring the student to memorize the same dates and events as his peers

Correct answer: Connecting the history unit to the student's IEP goal by having him identify historical figures as community helpers and their roles

Linking historical figures to the concept of 'community helpers' connects the grade-level topic to the student's IEP goal in a meaningful, inclusive way.

Question 46: Which progress monitoring tool is most commonly used in special education to track reading fluency growth over time using brief, repeated probes?

Portfolio assessment
Running records only
Standardized norm-referenced testing
Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM)

Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) uses brief, standardized probes administered frequently to monitor student progress in foundational academic skills like reading fluency.

Question 47: Which characteristic is most commonly associated with students identified with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

Significant difficulty with reading and writing only
Deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (Correct answer)
Below-average intellectual functioning in all areas
Primarily expressive language delays with typical social development

Correct answer: Deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior

The DSM-5 defines ASD by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts, along with restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities.

Question 48: Which federal law mandates a free appropriate public education (FAPE) for students with disabilities in the US?

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
No Child Left Behind Act
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)

IDEA mandates that eligible students with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment.

Question 49: When a family requests that their child's IEP meeting be conducted in their home language, the school district must:

Schedule the meeting only if a bilingual school employee is available
Suggest the family hire their own interpreter
Provide interpretation services at no cost to the family (Correct answer)
Deny the request since IEP meetings are conducted in English

Correct answer: Provide interpretation services at no cost to the family

IDEA requires that IEP meetings be conducted in a manner that ensures parents understand the proceedings, including providing interpretation services at no cost when parents' primary language is not English.

Question 50: Which of the following is a defining characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) according to the DSM-5?

Primary difficulty with reading decoding and phonological awareness
Significant intellectual disability in all cases
Attention deficits and hyperactivity as the primary presenting features
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, and restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, and restricted/repetitive patterns of behavior

The DSM-5 defines ASD by two core diagnostic criteria: persistent deficits in social communication/interaction AND restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

Question 51: Which of the following BEST describes formative assessment in special education?

A standardized diagnostic test given once per year
A final test administered at the end of a unit to determine mastery
The evaluation process for determining special education eligibility
Ongoing, informal checks for understanding used to adjust instruction in real time (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ongoing, informal checks for understanding used to adjust instruction in real time

Formative assessment involves continuous monitoring of student learning during the instructional process to provide immediate feedback and guide instructional adjustments.

Question 52: A student with ASD has difficulty with abstract language, including metaphors and idioms. A teacher says, 'We need to hit the books!' The student looks confused and distressed. Which teaching strategy BEST addresses this challenge?

Using more complex language to accelerate the student's language development
Teaching common idioms and figurative language explicitly, using visual supports and concrete examples (Correct answer)
Referring the student for a hearing evaluation
Avoiding all figurative language in the classroom permanently

Correct answer: Teaching common idioms and figurative language explicitly, using visual supports and concrete examples

Teaching idioms and figurative language explicitly with visual supports and concrete explanations directly addresses the literal language interpretation common in students with ASD.

Question 53: What is the primary purpose of a 'data meeting' in a special education or MTSS context?

To review student discipline records and assign consequences
To analyze progress monitoring data as a team to make collaborative decisions about instructional changes and student support (Correct answer)
To present annual evaluation reports to parents
To complete IEP paperwork for the annual review

Correct answer: To analyze progress monitoring data as a team to make collaborative decisions about instructional changes and student support

Data meetings bring together educators to collaboratively analyze progress monitoring data and make evidence-based decisions about instruction, intervention, and student support.

Question 54: In the ABC model of behavior analysis, what does 'A' stand for?

Assessment
Achievement
Action
Antecedent (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Antecedent

In behavior analysis, 'A' stands for Antecedent — the event, condition, or stimulus that precedes and may trigger the behavior.

Question 55: Florida Rule 6A-6.0331 requires that ESE evaluations be completed within how many calendar days of parental consent?

90 days
30 days
45 days
60 days (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 60 days

Florida requires that initial evaluations for ESE eligibility be completed within 60 calendar days of receiving written parental consent.

Question 56: What is the primary purpose of a 'sensory diet' for a student with ASD?

A dietary plan restricting sensory-stimulating foods
A medication schedule for sensory processing disorders
A plan for reducing all sensory input in the school environment
A personalized schedule of sensory activities designed by an occupational therapist to regulate arousal and support focus and learning (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A personalized schedule of sensory activities designed by an occupational therapist to regulate arousal and support focus and learning

A sensory diet is an individualized schedule of sensory activities — such as movement breaks, weighted tools, or calming strategies — designed to maintain the student's optimal arousal level for learning.

Question 57: Which statement about students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders (EBD) and academic performance is most accurate?

Students with EBD consistently perform at grade level when behavioral supports are in place
EBD is primarily an academic disability that secondarily causes behavioral difficulties
Many students with EBD also experience academic deficits, particularly in reading and written expression (Correct answer)
EBD affects behavior only and typically does not impact academic achievement

Correct answer: Many students with EBD also experience academic deficits, particularly in reading and written expression

Research consistently shows that students identified with EBD frequently have co-occurring academic deficits, particularly in reading and written language, in addition to their social-emotional and behavioral challenges.

Question 58: What does 'response to intervention' (RTI) data contribute to the ESE eligibility determination process in Florida?

It automatically qualifies a student for ESE services
It provides evidence that the student has received high-quality instruction and additional support before referral (Correct answer)
It replaces the need for parent consent
It determines the student's IQ score

Correct answer: It provides evidence that the student has received high-quality instruction and additional support before referral

RTI data documents that a student received scientifically based instruction and targeted interventions, showing the team that the achievement gap is not due to lack of opportunity to learn.

Question 59: Which of the following describes 'peer-mediated instruction and intervention' (PMII) for students with ASD?

An adult-led small-group social skills class
A tutoring program for academic content delivery
A counseling program for students who bully others with disabilities
An approach where trained peers are taught strategies to initiate and sustain interactions with students with ASD in natural settings (Correct answer)

Correct answer: An approach where trained peers are taught strategies to initiate and sustain interactions with students with ASD in natural settings

In PMII, typically developing peers are trained to initiate interactions, stay engaged, and use specific strategies to support social inclusion of students with ASD in natural classroom and play settings.

Question 60: Which of the following individuals is NOT a required member of the IEP team under IDEA?

The student (when appropriate)
The student's physician (Correct answer)
A general education teacher
The student's parent or guardian

Correct answer: The student's physician

IDEA does not require the student's physician to be an IEP team member; required members include parents, a general education teacher, a special education teacher, a district representative, someone who can interpret evaluation results, and the student when appropriate.

Question 61: A student's IEP goal states: 'Given 10 single-digit addition problems, the student will solve them with 90% accuracy in 3 out of 4 trials.' The student scores 9/10, 8/10, 10/10, and 7/10 on four consecutive probes. Has the goal been met?

Yes, because the student showed overall improvement across trials
No, because the student must achieve 90% accuracy in 3 of 4 trials — only 2 trials met this criterion (Correct answer)
No, because 100% accuracy was not achieved
Yes, because the average across all four trials is 85%

Correct answer: No, because the student must achieve 90% accuracy in 3 of 4 trials — only 2 trials met this criterion

The goal requires 90% accuracy (9/10) in 3 out of 4 trials; the student scored 90% or above on only 2 trials (9/10 and 10/10), so the goal criterion has not been met.

Question 62: Which of the following is a key feature of 'universal screening' in an MTSS/RTI framework?

Conducting deep diagnostic evaluations for all students three times per year
Providing intensive intervention to all students regardless of their screening results
Testing only students who have been referred by teachers for additional support
Administering brief screening assessments to all students to identify those at risk for academic or behavioral difficulties (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Administering brief screening assessments to all students to identify those at risk for academic or behavioral difficulties

Universal screening involves brief assessments given to all students (typically 3 times per year) to identify those at risk who may need additional instructional support.

Question 63: When writing a behavioral objective in an IEP, which component makes the objective MOST measurable?

Specifying the behavior, conditions, and criteria (e.g., 'will raise hand before speaking in 4 out of 5 opportunities across 3 consecutive days') (Correct answer)
Using terms like 'will understand' or 'will appreciate'
Stating the student's disability category as justification
Describing the teacher's instructional strategies within the goal

Correct answer: Specifying the behavior, conditions, and criteria (e.g., 'will raise hand before speaking in 4 out of 5 opportunities across 3 consecutive days')

A well-written behavioral IEP objective specifies the observable behavior, the conditions under which it will occur, and the measurable criteria for mastery.

Question 64: Which characteristic best describes students with Specific Learning Disability (SLD) in the area of written expression (dysgraphia)?

Primarily difficulty with reading decoding and phonological processing
Deficits in mathematical reasoning and computation
Significant difficulty organizing and expressing ideas in writing, including spelling, mechanics, and fluency (Correct answer)
Difficulty understanding and following oral directions

Correct answer: Significant difficulty organizing and expressing ideas in writing, including spelling, mechanics, and fluency

Dysgraphia (SLD in Written Expression) involves difficulties with the physical act of writing, spelling, grammar, punctuation, and/or organizing written communication.

Question 65: Under IDEA 2004, when must a school district convene an IEP meeting to address behavioral concerns?

Only when the student is suspended for more than 3 days
When the student's behavior impedes their learning or the learning of others (Correct answer)
Only at the annual IEP review
Only when parents formally request it

Correct answer: When the student's behavior impedes their learning or the learning of others

IDEA requires that when a student's behavior impedes their own learning or the learning of others, the IEP team must consider positive behavioral supports and strategies, including conducting an FBA and developing a BIP.

Question 66: Echolalia, a characteristic sometimes observed in students with ASD, refers to:

A tendency to repeat the same physical movement over and over
Difficulty processing auditory input in noisy environments
An unusually strong echo-like memory for visual information
The repetition of words or phrases heard from others, either immediately or after a delay (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The repetition of words or phrases heard from others, either immediately or after a delay

Echolalia is the repetition of words, phrases, or sentences heard from others — it can be immediate (right after hearing) or delayed (hours or days later) and may serve communicative or self-regulatory functions.

Question 67: The PLAAFP statement in an IEP should:

Be written by the school psychologist alone based on evaluation results
Focus exclusively on the student's academic deficits and weaknesses
Describe both strengths and needs, using objective data, and explain how the disability affects educational performance (Correct answer)
Remain unchanged from year to year unless a new evaluation is completed

Correct answer: Describe both strengths and needs, using objective data, and explain how the disability affects educational performance

An effective PLAAFP describes the student's strengths and needs using objective data from multiple sources, and clearly explains how the disability impacts access to and progress in the general curriculum.

Question 68: A teacher graphs a student's oral reading fluency data each week. She draws a goal line from the student's baseline to the end-of-year benchmark. Which data analysis approach is she using?

Aimline/goal line monitoring with trend comparison (Correct answer)
Running records analysis
Portfolio analysis
Error pattern analysis

Correct answer: Aimline/goal line monitoring with trend comparison

Drawing an aimline (goal line) and comparing actual progress data to it allows the teacher to determine if the student is on track to meet the IEP goal.

Question 69: Under IDEA's 'stay-put' provision, where must a student with a disability remain during the pendency of a due process hearing?

A separate special education facility
Their current educational placement (Correct answer)
Home
An interim alternative educational setting

Correct answer: Their current educational placement

The 'stay-put' provision of IDEA requires that a student remain in their current educational placement during the pendency of any due process hearing, unless the parent and district agree otherwise or a court orders a change.

Question 70: Self-determination skills are a critical component of transition planning. Which skill best represents self-determination in practice?

A counselor completing the transition assessment on behalf of the student
Parents making all decisions about adult services
A teacher selecting all courses for the student
A student identifying their own post-secondary goals and advocating for their needs in the IEP meeting (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A student identifying their own post-secondary goals and advocating for their needs in the IEP meeting

Self-determination involves students knowing their strengths and needs, setting goals, advocating for themselves, and making choices about their own lives — best demonstrated by active student participation in IEP planning.

Question 71: Which accommodation allows a student with a motor disability to complete written assignments without using a standard keyboard?

Voice recognition software (Correct answer)
Preferential seating
Reduced assignment length
Extended time

Correct answer: Voice recognition software

Voice recognition software (such as Dragon NaturallySpeaking) allows students to produce written work through speech, bypassing the need for fine motor control required for keyboarding.

Question 72: Which accommodation involves changing where a student completes an assessment rather than how it is presented or completed?

Separate testing room (Correct answer)
Read-aloud
Extended time
Calculator use

Correct answer: Separate testing room

A separate testing room is a setting accommodation that changes the environment in which the student completes the assessment, reducing distractions or providing space for other accommodations.

Question 73: Which best practice supports effective collaboration between ESE teachers and general education teachers regarding student accommodations?

Giving general educators a copy of the IEP without explanation at the start of the year
Meeting regularly to explain accommodations, monitor implementation, and problem-solve together (Correct answer)
Handling all accommodations personally without involving general educators
Waiting for general educators to ask before providing accommodation guidance

Correct answer: Meeting regularly to explain accommodations, monitor implementation, and problem-solve together

Regular collaborative meetings allow ESE teachers to explain the rationale for accommodations, check on implementation, and jointly problem-solve barriers to student success.

Question 74: Station Teaching in a co-taught classroom is best described as:

One teacher providing direct instruction while the other grades work
Teachers taking turns delivering week-long units of instruction
Each teacher independently managing a separate classroom
Students rotating among multiple learning stations, each facilitated by a teacher or independently (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Students rotating among multiple learning stations, each facilitated by a teacher or independently

Station Teaching divides students into groups that rotate among different learning stations, allowing teachers to work with smaller groups and address varied learning needs simultaneously.

Question 75: A teacher is using differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) for a student who frequently calls out without raising their hand. What does this strategy involve?

Reinforcing any behavior except calling out
Punishing calling out with time-out
Ignoring all student responses
Reinforcing hand-raising while withholding reinforcement for calling out (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Reinforcing hand-raising while withholding reinforcement for calling out

DRA reinforces a specific appropriate alternative behavior (hand-raising) while withholding reinforcement for the problem behavior (calling out), increasing the alternative and decreasing the problem behavior.

Question 76: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act differs from IDEA primarily because Section 504:

Requires an IEP for all students receiving services
Provides federal funding specifically for special education
Covers a broader range of disabilities but does not require specialized instruction (Correct answer)
Only applies to students with physical disabilities

Correct answer: Covers a broader range of disabilities but does not require specialized instruction

Section 504 is a civil rights law covering any physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity, but it provides accommodations rather than requiring specialized instruction or an IEP.

Question 77: In differentiated instruction, 'flexible grouping' means that:

All students always work independently
Students are permanently assigned to high, medium, and low groups
Grouping configurations change based on the learning task, student readiness, and instructional goals (Correct answer)
Students choose their own groups based on friendship

Correct answer: Grouping configurations change based on the learning task, student readiness, and instructional goals

Flexible grouping means teachers vary group composition based on the specific task, skill being practiced, or learning goal — students are not locked into static groups.

Question 78: Which approach to conflict resolution between special educators and general educators in a co-teaching partnership is most effective?

Requesting a different co-teaching partner whenever disagreements arise
Scheduling regular co-planning time to address concerns proactively (Correct answer)
Deferring all decisions to the administrator to avoid conflict
Separating responsibilities so each teacher works independently

Correct answer: Scheduling regular co-planning time to address concerns proactively

Regular co-planning time allows co-teachers to build relationships, align instructional approaches, and address concerns before they become significant conflicts.

Question 79: Confidentiality of student records for students with disabilities is governed by which federal law?

Both IDEA and FERPA (Correct answer)
IDEA only
FERPA only
The ADA Amendments Act

Correct answer: Both IDEA and FERPA

Both IDEA and the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) protect the confidentiality of education records for students with disabilities.

Question 80: What does 'theory of mind' (ToM) refer to in the context of ASD?

The ability to understand that others have thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and intentions that are different from one's own (Correct answer)
A student's self-concept and understanding of their own disability
The ability to follow multi-step verbal directions
A student's ability to memorize factual information

Correct answer: The ability to understand that others have thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and intentions that are different from one's own

Theory of mind refers to the ability to attribute mental states — thoughts, feelings, beliefs, desires — to others. Many individuals with ASD have difficulty with ToM, affecting social interaction and communication.

Question 81: For a student with dyscalculia, which accommodation is most directly aligned with their specific disability-related need during math assessments?

Read-aloud of all text
Use of a number line or multiplication chart (Correct answer)
Extended time only
Preferential seating near the teacher

Correct answer: Use of a number line or multiplication chart

Number lines and multiplication charts serve as memory aids that directly address the difficulty students with dyscalculia have with number sense and mathematical fact retrieval.

Question 82: Extended School Year (ESY) services must be provided when:

All students with IEPs request them
The school district has available funding and staffing
The IEP team determines the student would experience significant regression without services during extended breaks (Correct answer)
A student failed to meet any IEP goals during the school year

Correct answer: The IEP team determines the student would experience significant regression without services during extended breaks

ESY services are required when the IEP team determines, based on data, that a student would experience significant regression during school breaks that would take an unreasonable time to recoup.

Question 83: What is 'self-determination' in the context of transition planning?

A legal term referring to the student's right to refuse special education services
The parent's authority to decide all post-secondary options for the student
The school's determination of appropriate post-secondary placements for the student
The student's ability to make choices, set goals, advocate for themselves, and take responsibility for their own future (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The student's ability to make choices, set goals, advocate for themselves, and take responsibility for their own future

Self-determination refers to the student's capacity to direct their own life — including making informed choices about their education, career, and living situation.

Question 84: Which of the following is an example of 'pre-employment transition services' (Pre-ETS) under WIOA?

Adult education programs for individuals with GED goals
Job exploration counseling, work-based learning experiences, and self-advocacy instruction for students ages 14-21 with disabilities (Correct answer)
A job placement service for adults with disabilities after age 25
Career counseling available to all high school students regardless of disability

Correct answer: Job exploration counseling, work-based learning experiences, and self-advocacy instruction for students ages 14-21 with disabilities

Pre-employment transition services under WIOA include job exploration, work-based learning, workplace readiness, self-advocacy training, and counseling on post-secondary education for students ages 14-21 with disabilities.

Question 85: A teacher uses 'differential reinforcement of alternative behavior' (DRA). What does this involve?

Reinforcing the problem behavior on an intermittent schedule to reduce it gradually
Providing reinforcement on a fixed-ratio schedule for all on-task behaviors
Reinforcing any behavior except the target problem behavior
Reinforcing a specific alternative behavior that is incompatible with or replaces the problem behavior (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Reinforcing a specific alternative behavior that is incompatible with or replaces the problem behavior

DRA involves reinforcing a specific, appropriate alternative behavior that can replace the problem behavior, ideally one that serves the same function.

Question 86: An ESE teacher is using graphic organizers, sentence frames, and tiered vocabulary lists to support diverse learners. These are all examples of which instructional approach?

Whole group instruction
Differentiated instruction (Correct answer)
Direct instruction
Applied Behavior Analysis

Correct answer: Differentiated instruction

Differentiated instruction involves modifying content, process, product, or learning environment based on student readiness, interest, and learning profile — graphic organizers, sentence frames, and tiered vocabulary are all common differentiation tools.

Question 87: A special education teacher structures her transition curriculum so students learn to identify their own goals, weigh options, self-monitor progress, and speak up for their needs during IEP meetings. This approach primarily develops which skill area?

Self-determination, including self-advocacy and self-directed goal setting (Correct answer)
Vocational technical skills aligned with career clusters
Generalization of behavior intervention strategies
Functional academic skills for daily living

Correct answer: Self-determination, including self-advocacy and self-directed goal setting

Self-determination encompasses the skills and attitudes that enable individuals to set goals, make choices, problem-solve, and advocate for themselves. Instruction in self-determination is a best practice in transition education and directly supports active student participation in the IEP process and successful adult outcomes.

Question 88: A student has received 10 weeks of Tier 2 intervention with biweekly progress monitoring showing a flat growth slope and performance remaining below the 10th percentile. What is the most appropriate next step?

Move the student to Tier 3 with more intensive, individualized intervention and consider a comprehensive evaluation (Correct answer)
Continue Tier 2 for another 10 weeks before making any changes
Immediately place the student in a self-contained special education classroom
Return the student to Tier 1 and discontinue additional supports

Correct answer: Move the student to Tier 3 with more intensive, individualized intervention and consider a comprehensive evaluation

Persistent low performance and flat growth after adequate Tier 2 intervention indicate the need for increased intensity (Tier 3) and may trigger consideration of a comprehensive special education evaluation.

Question 89: Alternative Teaching in a co-taught classroom involves:

Both teachers jointly delivering instruction to the whole class
One teacher working with a small group for pre-teaching or re-teaching while the other instructs the larger group (Correct answer)
Both teachers simultaneously teaching two equally sized groups
Students working independently at stations while teachers circulate

Correct answer: One teacher working with a small group for pre-teaching or re-teaching while the other instructs the larger group

Alternative Teaching has one teacher work with a small group for targeted instruction (pre-teaching, re-teaching, enrichment) while the co-teacher works with the larger group.

Question 90: Which of the following describes the 'TEACCH' structured teaching approach developed for students with ASD?

A play-based therapy focused on emotional development
A purely verbal, discussion-based instructional approach
A token economy system for managing behavior
A structured teaching approach that uses physical organization, visual schedules, work systems, and visual task instructions to support independence (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A structured teaching approach that uses physical organization, visual schedules, work systems, and visual task instructions to support independence

The TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication-handicapped CHildren) approach uses structured physical environments, visual schedules, and independent work systems to support students with ASD.

Question 91: Which of the following is an evidence-based social skills intervention specifically designed for students with ASD?

Social Skills Training (SST) groups such as PEERS or Social Thinking curriculum (Correct answer)
Discrete trial training for math computation
Phonics-based reading instruction
Occupational therapy for fine motor skills

Correct answer: Social Skills Training (SST) groups such as PEERS or Social Thinking curriculum

Social Skills Training programs such as PEERS (Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills) and Social Thinking are evidence-based curricula specifically designed to build social skills for students with ASD.

Question 92: A student with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is transitioning back to school after rehabilitation. Which transition planning consideration is MOST critical?

Waiting until the student demonstrates full recovery before resuming transition goals
Immediately resuming all pre-injury academic courses without modification
Focusing solely on academic skill recovery and delaying life skills instruction
Collaborating with the rehabilitation team to understand the student's current cognitive, physical, and behavioral profile and adjusting the IEP accordingly (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Collaborating with the rehabilitation team to understand the student's current cognitive, physical, and behavioral profile and adjusting the IEP accordingly

Close collaboration with the rehabilitation team provides critical information about cognitive, physical, and behavioral changes that must inform updated IEP goals and transition planning.

Question 93: When developing differentiated instruction for a student with autism who is a strong visual-spatial learner, which approach is MOST aligned with learning profile differentiation?

Requiring the student to complete the same assignments as peers without any modification
Using visual schedules, diagrams, and graphic representations to deliver content (Correct answer)
Grouping the student with the highest-performing students for peer modeling only
Providing all instruction through verbal lectures

Correct answer: Using visual schedules, diagrams, and graphic representations to deliver content

Visual schedules, diagrams, and graphic representations leverage the student's visual-spatial strength to enhance comprehension and engagement.

Question 94: For a student who uses an AAC device, the IEP team should ensure that:

The student has access to the device throughout the school day across all settings (Correct answer)
Only the SLP programs and adjusts the device vocabulary
The device is taken home only on weekends to avoid school liability
The device is stored safely and used only during AAC therapy sessions

Correct answer: The student has access to the device throughout the school day across all settings

AAC devices must be available throughout the student's entire school day and across all settings (classroom, lunch, specials) to support communication in all contexts.

Question 95: Which assistive technology is most appropriate for a student with autism spectrum disorder who struggles to communicate verbally in the classroom?

A speech-generating device or AAC app (Correct answer)
Closed captioning on videos
Screen magnification software
A motorized wheelchair

Correct answer: A speech-generating device or AAC app

Speech-generating devices and AAC applications provide students with limited verbal communication a means to express themselves, participate in instruction, and interact socially.

Question 96: Under IDEA, when must a school conduct a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?

When a student with a disability faces a disciplinary change of placement of more than 10 school days (Correct answer)
Any time a student with a disability receives an office referral
When a parent requests one in writing
Only when a student is initially identified for special education

Correct answer: When a student with a disability faces a disciplinary change of placement of more than 10 school days

IDEA requires an FBA when a student with a disability faces a disciplinary change of placement exceeding 10 school days, to inform the development of a BIP.

Question 97: Florida's Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) Tier 3 behavior interventions are characterized by which feature?

Universal classroom rules applied to all students
Individualized, function-based interventions for high-need students (Correct answer)
Small group social skills instruction
School-wide positive behavior expectations

Correct answer: Individualized, function-based interventions for high-need students

Tier 3 in MTSS/PBIS is the most intensive level, consisting of individualized, function-based interventions specifically designed for students with the most significant behavioral needs.

Question 98: A student with autism who has strong academic skills is transitioning to independent living. Which transition domain should be addressed in his IEP?

Focused exclusively on post-secondary academic enrollment
Residential facility placement as the primary outcome
Only vocational training in a supported employment setting
Independent living skills including managing finances, cooking, transportation, and social relationships (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Independent living skills including managing finances, cooking, transportation, and social relationships

For a student targeting independent living, the IEP must address practical daily living skills across multiple domains including finances, cooking, transportation, and social relationships.

Question 99: What is the primary purpose of a Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA)?

To document disciplinary incidents for legal purposes
To determine eligibility for special education services
To diagnose a student with a behavioral disorder
To identify the function or purpose of a student's challenging behavior in order to develop effective interventions (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To identify the function or purpose of a student's challenging behavior in order to develop effective interventions

An FBA identifies the antecedents, behaviors, and consequences (ABC) to understand the function of a behavior — what the student is getting or avoiding through the behavior.

Question 100: A parent believes the school district's psychoeducational evaluation was flawed. Which right does IDEA explicitly guarantee to that parent?

The right to block the IEP team from meeting until a new evaluation is ordered
The right to request an Independent Educational Evaluation at public expense (Correct answer)
The right to have the evaluation automatically invalidated by the state education agency
The right to select the district's evaluator for all future assessments

Correct answer: The right to request an Independent Educational Evaluation at public expense

Under IDEA, parents who disagree with a district's evaluation may request an Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) at public expense. The district must either fund the IEE or initiate a due process hearing to defend the adequacy of its own evaluation.

FTCE Exceptional Student Education K-12 Exam

The Florida Teacher Certification Exam (FTCE) for Exceptional Student Education K-12 tests prospective ESE teachers on legal and ethical foundations, characteristics of exceptionalities, IEP development, curriculum modification, behavior intervention, assistive technology, assessment, transition planning, and family involvement.

100

Questions

150 min

Time Limit

70%

To Pass

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Sources & references

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