FSOT Logical Reasoning 4

Question 1

An analyst says: 'If the insurgency loses funding, it will collapse. The insurgency has not collapsed.' What follows logically?

Accepted Answer

The insurgency has not lost its funding

Answer

By modus tollens (not-Q therefore not-P), the insurgency has not collapsed, so it cannot have lost its funding.

Question 2

A diplomat claims: 'We achieved progress because we used back-channel talks.' Which evidence would most STRENGTHEN this claim?

Accepted Answer

Previous negotiations without back-channels had consistently failed

Answer

Showing that formal talks without back-channels repeatedly failed supports the idea that back-channels were the key variable.

Question 3

Exactly three of five regional officers — M, N, O, P, Q — must attend the briefing. M and N cannot attend together. If M attends, which of the following groups is a valid set of attendees?

Accepted Answer

M, O, P

Answer

M, O, P excludes N, satisfying the constraint that M and N cannot attend together, and meets the count of exactly three.

Question 4

A policy that has worked in every tested Western democracy is proposed for a developing nation. The strongest logical objection is:

Accepted Answer

Institutional, cultural, and economic conditions may differ significantly

Answer

The core logical flaw is assuming transferability without accounting for differing conditions — a false analogy risk.

Question 5

Which of the following arguments contains a circular reasoning flaw?

Accepted Answer

This policy is correct because it is the right thing to do

Answer

'Correct because it is right' restates the conclusion as the premise — the definition of circular reasoning.

FSOT Test Practice Test

FSOT Test Practice Test

FSOT Logical Reasoning 4