Constitutional Law & Civil Rights Flashcards

10 U.S.C. 4701 (formerly 2409) protects contractor employees who:

Answer: Disclose gross mismanagement or violations of law on a DoD contract to authorized recipients such as Congress or an IG

The statute prohibits reprisal against contractor employees who report specified wrongdoing to designated recipients.

Under the Supremacy Clause, when a valid federal law conflicts with a state law:

Answer: Federal law prevails

Article VI makes valid federal law the supreme law of the land.

The Tenth Amendment provides that powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are:

Answer: Reserved to the states or the people

The Tenth Amendment reserves undelegated powers to the states or the people.

Under Article III, treason against the United States requires conviction on:

Answer: The testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open court

Article III, Section 3 imposes the two-witness or open-court confession requirement.

The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment primarily restricts:

Answer: State action

Equal Protection limits state action; private conduct is generally regulated by statutes like Title VII.

The Privacy Act of 1974 primarily governs:

Answer: How federal agencies collect, maintain, and disclose records about individuals

The Privacy Act regulates federal agency systems of records on individuals.

Which branch holds primary constitutional authority over classification policy, exercised through executive orders such as EO 13526?

Answer: The Executive Branch

Classification authority derives from the President's role as Commander in Chief and head of the Executive Branch.