Free UWorld Broad Application Questions and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: A 70-year-old patient with a history of congestive heart failure presents with shortness of breath and orthopnea. Physical examination reveals crackles in the lung bases and pitting edema in the lower extremities. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?
- ACE inhibitors
- Beta-blockers
- Loop diuretics (Correct answer)
- Calcium channel blockers
Correct answer: Loop diuretics
The patient's symptoms (shortness of breath, orthopnea, crackles, pitting edema) are classic signs of acute decompensated congestive heart failure with fluid overload. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are the most appropriate initial treatment because they rapidly reduce fluid volume, alleviate pulmonary and systemic congestion, and improve symptoms. Other medications like ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers are typically used for chronic management or after stabilization.
Question 2: A nurse is educating a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate to improve glycemic control?
- "Avoid all carbohydrates entirely."
- "Focus on high-fiber foods and limit refined sugars." (Correct answer)
- "Eat small amounts of sugary snacks to avoid hypoglycemia."
- "Replace all proteins with carbohydrate-rich meals."
Correct answer: "Focus on high-fiber foods and limit refined sugars."
For patients with type 2 diabetes, dietary recommendations aim to improve glycemic control and overall health. Focusing on high-fiber foods helps slow glucose absorption, promoting more stable blood sugar levels and increasing satiety. Limiting refined sugars prevents rapid spikes in blood glucose, which is crucial for managing diabetes effectively. This approach is a cornerstone of diabetes self-management.
Question 3: If 𝑥 is an integer such that 3𝑥−7<11, what is the largest possible value of 𝑥?
- 5 (Correct answer)
- 6
- 7
- 8
Correct answer: 5
To solve the inequality 3x - 7 < 11, first add 7 to both sides, which gives 3x < 18. Then, divide both sides by 3, resulting in x < 6. Since x must be an integer and less than 6, the largest possible integer value for x is 5.
Question 4: Which of the following innovations is most associated with the Industrial Revolution?
- The steam engine (Correct answer)
- The printing press
- The personal computer
- The telescope
Correct answer: The steam engine
The steam engine, significantly improved by James Watt in the late 18th century, was a foundational innovation of the Industrial Revolution. It provided a powerful and reliable source of energy that transformed manufacturing, enabling factories to operate independently of water power, and revolutionized transportation through its application in locomotives and steamships. This invention was central to the shift from agrarian to industrial societies.
Question 5: A bond with a face value of $1,000 pays a 5% annual coupon and matures in 10 years. If the market interest rate is 6%, is this bond trading at a premium, discount, or par?
- Premium
- Discount (Correct answer)
- Par
- Cannot be determined
Correct answer: Discount
A bond trades at a discount when its coupon rate is lower than the prevailing market interest rate (yield to maturity). In this scenario, the bond pays a 5% annual coupon, but the market interest rate is 6%. Investors demand a 6% return, so they will only purchase this bond at a price below its face value to achieve that higher yield, making it trade at a discount.
Free UWorld Broad Application Questions and Answers
A 70-year-old patient with a history of congestive heart failure presents with shortness of breath and orthopnea.
Physical examination reveals crackles in the lung bases and pitting edema in the lower extremities.
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?