FREE USABO Anatomy and Physiology Questions and Answers

Question 1

A woman experiencing rickets is diagnosed with a deficiency of a particular vitamin and given a diet guideline. Which of the following food is most likely to help with the condition?

Accepted Answer

Oranges

Answer

Carrot

Answer

Butter

Answer

Whole grains

Answer

Tomatoes

Question 2

As a winter intern at an animal development lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, you would like to investigate how different treatments may alter the outcomes of fertilization in sea urchins.

You would like to test different conditions in which fertilization is blocked in sea urchin eggs. All of the following conditions would result in unsuccessful fertilizations EXCEPT FOR:

Accepted Answer

When the sea urchin sperm treated with calcium ionophore interacts with the normal sea urchin egg from the same species with its egg jelly removed.

Answer

When the sea urchin sperm is not exposed to egg jelly interacts with the sea urchin egg stripped of its egg jelly.

Answer

When the normal sea urchin sperm interacts with the sea urchin egg held at a constant +20 mv by using an electrophysiological voltage camp.

Answer

When the sea urchin egg is prematurely exposed to IP3 and DAG, this triggers the release of calcium from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and triggers the cortical reaction.

Answer

When the sea urchin sperm exposed to egg jelly interacts with sea urchin egg from the same species pretreated with purified bindin, a protein responsible for the specific adhesion of the sperm acrosomal process in sea urchin.

Question 3

As a winter intern at an animal development lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, you would like to investigate how different treatments may alter the outcomes of fertilization in sea urchins.

As a side project, you would also like to work on fertilization in mouse embryos using CRISPR/cas9 technology by conducting in vitro fertilization (IVF). At which phase of the embryo should you return the embryo to the mouse uterus?

Accepted Answer

8-cell stage

Answer

2-cell stage

Answer

4-cell stage

Answer

Blastocysts

Answer

Fertilized egg (zygote)

Question 4

By blindfolding fish, Brian Partridge and Tony Pitcher demonstrated in 1979 that schooling behavior is dependent not on vision, but instead on the proper functioning of a different organ: the lateral line. Given this knowledge, which of the following structures, when damaged, would lead to a loss in the ability for fish to school?

Accepted Answer

Cupula

Answer

Fovea

Answer

Ruffini ending

Answer

Zonule

Answer

Eustachian tube

Question 5

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the anatomy and physiology of the vertebrate vascular system?

Accepted Answer

Elastic fibers made of the protein elastin in the tunica media allow arteries to accommodate fluctuating blood pressures. They are almost absent in the tunica media of veins.

Answer

The thin walls of veins are an adaptation that allows the tissues of the vein itself to obtain, via diffusion, sufficient oxygen from oxygen-poor venous blood. Otherwise, the tissue of thick-walled vessels carrying deoxygenated blood would experience inadequate oxygenation and die.

Answer

Arteries and veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.

Answer

The larger arteries have a thick layer of smooth muscle, the motion of which helps propel blood forward.

Answer

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a signaling protein that stimulates the branching and growth of capillaries. The gene encoding VEGF is often lost or inhibited in solid tissue cancers.

Question 6

In tetrapods, neural pathways carrying information from all the senses, except for the sense of smell, pass through and synapse in a particular anatomical structure in the brain, which is embryonically derived from the diencephalon. This structure is the:

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Medulla

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Somatosensory cortex

Question 7

Which of the following are most responsible for carrying and transporting triacylglycerols in the body?

Accepted Answer

Chylomicrons and VLDL

Answer

IDL and LDL

Answer

Chylomicrons and LDL

Answer

HDL and LDL

Answer

IDL and VLDL

Question 8

A patient complains to his neurologist that he is experiencing powerful headaches and double vision. An MRI confirms that he is suffering from prolactinoma. Which substance should the neurologist prescribe to control the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Renin

Answer

Angiotensin-2

Answer

Endorphins

Answer

Caffeine

Question 9

A mutant Drosophila is engineered to be unable to efficiently produce certain amino acids. Metabolic analysis finds the mutant contains very low levels of alpha-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in the Krebs cycle. Which amino acid is most likely to NOT be produced?

Accepted Answer

Histidine

Answer

Argnine

Answer

Glycine

Answer

Phenylalanine

Answer

Tyrosine

Question 10

Which two amino acids are the least likely to occur in the middle of an alpha-helical protein structure?

Accepted Answer

Glycine and proline

Answer

Glycine and lysine

Answer

Lysine and proline

Answer

Methionine and lysine

Answer

Methionine and proline