FREE RCIS Congenital Heart Defects Questions and Answers

Question 1

During a right heart catheterization, a significant 'step-up' in oxygen saturation is noted between the superior vena cava (SVC) and the right atrium (RA).
This finding is most indicative of which congenital heart defect?

Accepted Answer

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Answer

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Answer

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 2

A Qp:Qs ratio of 2.5:1 is calculated for a patient with a known congenital defect. This ratio indicates:

Accepted Answer

A significant left-to-right shunt

Answer

A hemodynamically insignificant right-to-left shunt

Answer

A balanced circulation with no significant shunt

Answer

Severe pulmonary stenosis

Question 3

Which of the following congenital defects results in a direct connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, often leading to a continuous 'machinery-like' murmur?

Accepted Answer

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Answer

Coarctation of the Aorta

Answer

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Answer

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Question 4

Tetralogy of Fallot is a complex cyanotic heart defect characterized by four specific anatomical abnormalities. Which of the following is NOT one of the four classic components of TOF?

Accepted Answer

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Answer

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Answer

Overriding Aorta

Answer

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 5

A patient presents with significantly higher blood pressure in the upper extremities compared to the lower extremities, along with diminished femoral pulses. This clinical presentation is most suggestive of:

Accepted Answer

Coarctation of the Aorta

Answer

Aortic Stenosis

Answer

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Answer

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Question 6

In D-Transposition of the Great Arteries (D-TGA), the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. For an infant to survive with this condition, what is essential?

Accepted Answer

A communication between the pulmonary and systemic circuits

Answer

Closure of all shunts within 24 hours of birth

Answer

Severe tricuspid regurgitation

Answer

A bicuspid aortic valve