Free CNS Nutritional Biochemistry & Physiology Questions and Answers

Question 1

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a powerful antioxidant and an essential nutrient for human health. It plays a critical role as a co-factor in the synthesis of collagen, a vital protein for connective tissues, skin, bones, and blood vessels. This function makes Vitamin C indispensable for wound healing and maintaining tissue integrity.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the enzyme amylase in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Breaks down starch into maltose

Answer

Amylase is a digestive enzyme primarily produced in the salivary glands and pancreas. Its main function is to initiate the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, specifically breaking down complex starches (polysaccharides) into simpler sugars like maltose (a disaccharide). This process begins in the mouth and continues in the small intestine, preparing carbohydrates for further breakdown and absorption.

Question 3

Which macronutrient is primarily metabolized through beta-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Answer

Beta-oxidation is the specific metabolic pathway responsible for breaking down fatty acids, which are the primary components of lipids. This process occurs in the mitochondria and generates acetyl-CoA, which then enters the citric acid cycle to produce energy (ATP). While carbohydrates and proteins are also energy sources, beta-oxidation is uniquely associated with lipid metabolism.

Question 4

What hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Calcitriol

Answer

Calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D, is the primary hormone that regulates calcium levels by increasing its absorption in the intestines. It stimulates the production of proteins necessary for calcium uptake from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. While other hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin also influence calcium, calcitriol specifically targets intestinal absorption.

Question 5

Which amino acid is considered essential and must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Answer

Leucine is one of the nine essential amino acids, meaning the human body cannot synthesize it and it must be obtained through dietary intake. It is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) particularly vital for muscle protein synthesis, repair, and energy production. Unlike non-essential amino acids, a consistent dietary supply of leucine is critical for proper physiological function.

CNS - Certified Nutrition Specialist Practice Test

CNS - Certified Nutrition Specialist Practice Test

Free CNS Nutritional Biochemistry & Physiology Questions and Answers