CMC Medical Terminology & Anatomy 1 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: What does the prefix 'brady-' mean in medical terminology?
- Fast
- Slow (Correct answer)
- Above
- Below
Correct answer: Slow
The prefix 'brady-' refers to something that is slow, such as in 'bradycardia', which means a slow heart rate.
Question 2: Which organ is responsible for filtering blood in the human body?
- Heart
- Liver
- Kidneys (Correct answer)
- Lungs
Correct answer: Kidneys
The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance.
Question 3: What is the term for inflammation of the liver?
- Nephritis
- Gastritis
- Hepatitis (Correct answer)
- Dermatitis
Correct answer: Hepatitis
'Hepatitis' is derived from 'hepat-' meaning liver, and '-itis' meaning inflammation.
Question 4: Which body system includes the skin, hair, and nails?
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system
- Integumentary system (Correct answer)
- Respiratory system
Correct answer: Integumentary system
The integumentary system is the body's largest organ system, primarily responsible for protecting the body from the outside world. It specifically includes the skin, hair, and nails, along with glands like sweat and sebaceous glands. These components work together to form a protective barrier, regulate temperature, and sense external stimuli.
Question 5: What does the root word 'oste/o' refer to?
- Muscle
- Lung
- Bone (Correct answer)
- Nerve
Correct answer: Bone
In medical terminology, the root word 'oste/o' consistently refers to bone. This root is found in many terms related to the skeletal system, such as 'osteoporosis' (porous bones) or 'osteomyelitis' (inflammation of the bone marrow). Understanding common root words like 'oste/o' is crucial for deciphering medical terms.
Question 6: Which plane divides the body into left and right halves?
- Transverse
- Frontal
- Sagittal (Correct answer)
- Coronal
Correct answer: Sagittal
The sagittal plane is an anatomical plane that divides the body vertically into left and right sections. If the plane passes directly through the midline, dividing the body into equal left and right halves, it is specifically called the midsagittal or median plane. Other planes, like transverse and frontal, divide the body differently.
Question 7: Which suffix means 'surgical removal'?
- -itis
- -ectomy (Correct answer)
- -ology
- -oma
Correct answer: -ectomy
The suffix '-ectomy' in medical terminology universally denotes the surgical removal of an organ or part of the body. For example, an 'appendectomy' is the surgical removal of the appendix, and a 'tonsillectomy' is the removal of the tonsils. This suffix is vital for understanding surgical procedures.
Question 8: What type of tissue connects muscles to bones?
- Ligaments
- Tendons (Correct answer)
- Cartilage
- Fascia
Correct answer: Tendons
Tendons are strong, fibrous connective tissues that specifically attach muscles to bones. They are crucial for transmitting the force generated by muscle contractions to the bones, enabling movement. In contrast, ligaments connect bones to other bones, and cartilage provides cushioning and flexibility.
Question 9: Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
- Cerebrum
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum (Correct answer)
- Medulla
Correct answer: Cerebellum
The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain beneath the cerebrum, is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. It integrates sensory input from various parts of the body to fine-tune motor activity. Damage to the cerebellum can lead to issues with coordination and equilibrium.
CMC Medical Terminology & Anatomy 1
What does the prefix 'brady-' mean in medical terminology?