Free CKE Basic Anatomy and Physiology Question and Answers — Questions and Answers
Question 1: Which of the following is the best definition of physiology?
- The microscopic study of tissues and cells
- The study of how the body works. (Correct answer)
- All the chemical processes that take place in the organelles of the body’s cells.
- The body’s automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.
Correct answer: The study of how the body works.
Physiology is the scientific study of how living organisms and their parts function. It investigates the mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes that occur within the body to maintain life. This definition encompasses the dynamic workings of organs, systems, and cells, distinguishing it from anatomy (the study of structure) or specific chemical reactions.
Question 2: Which of the stated relationships is correct?
- The heart is inferior to the clavicle (Correct answer)
- The shoulder is distal to the carpals
- The phalanges are proximal to the metacarpals
- The eye is medial to the eyebrows
Correct answer: The heart is inferior to the clavicle
Anatomical terms describe relative positions in the body. The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, which is below the clavicle (collarbone), making it inferior to the clavicle. Other options are incorrect: the shoulder is proximal to the carpals, phalanges are distal to metacarpals, and the eye is lateral to the bridge of the nose, not medial to the eyebrows.
Question 3: Complete the sentence correctly: “Cervical vertebrae are……
- inferior to the thoracic vertebrae.
- located between the thoracic and sacral vertebrae.
- fused into a single bone called the sacrum.
- superior to the rib cage. (Correct answer)
Correct answer: superior to the rib cage.
Cervical vertebrae are the seven vertebrae that form the neck region of the spine. This anatomical position places them above the thoracic vertebrae, which are connected to the rib cage. Therefore, cervical vertebrae are superior to the rib cage, not inferior or located between thoracic and sacral vertebrae.
Question 4: What does the process known as anabolism refer to?
- The breaking down phase of metabolism
- The use of energy for producing chemical substances (Correct answer)
- All the chemical process that take place in the organelles of the cells.
- The supply of nutrients to the body’s cells.
Correct answer: The use of energy for producing chemical substances
Anabolism is a metabolic process that involves the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. This 'building up' phase of metabolism requires energy input to create new cells, maintain tissues, and store energy. It is distinct from catabolism, which is the breaking down phase that releases energy.
Question 5: To what does the term “hypochondriac” refer?
- A condition of having too few chondria.
- The region of abdomen inferior to the ribs. (Correct answer)
- A person who often complains of an ailment.
- Having insuffi cient cartilage in the knees.
Correct answer: The region of abdomen inferior to the ribs.
In anatomical terminology, the term 'hypochondriac' refers to one of the nine regions used to divide the abdomen. Specifically, the left and right hypochondriac regions are located on either side of the epigastric region, situated inferior to the ribs and costal cartilages. This term literally means 'under the cartilage,' accurately describing its position beneath the lower ribs.
Free CKE Basic Anatomy and Physiology Question and Answers
Which of the following is the best definition of physiology?