Pharmaceutical Chemistry Flashcards
7 cards from real FPGEE practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Pharmaceutical Chemistry flashcards as text
The log P value of a drug compound represents:
Answer: The partition coefficient between octanol and water
Log P (partition coefficient) measures how a drug distributes between n-octanol (lipid) and water, indicating its lipophilicity.
Glucuronidation is an example of which type of drug metabolism?
Answer: Phase II conjugation
Glucuronidation is a Phase II conjugation reaction catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, adding glucuronic acid to the drug.
Which spectroscopic technique is most useful for determining the complete carbon-hydrogen framework of an organic drug molecule?
Answer: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
NMR spectroscopy provides detailed information about the carbon-hydrogen framework, connectivity, and stereochemistry of organic molecules.
Warfarin exists as two enantiomers. The S-enantiomer is approximately 5 times more potent than the R-enantiomer. This difference is an example of:
Answer: Pharmacodynamic stereoselectivity
When enantiomers differ in pharmacological potency at a receptor, this reflects pharmacodynamic stereoselectivity due to chiral receptor binding sites.
Which of the following best describes a bioisostere?
Answer: A group that replaces another with similar size and electronic properties but potentially different pharmacokinetics
Bioisosteres are atoms or groups that can replace each other while maintaining similar biological activity through comparable size, shape, and electronic properties.
The Maillard reaction in pharmaceutical formulations primarily involves:
Answer: Reaction between reducing sugars and primary amines
The Maillard reaction occurs between reducing sugars (e.g., lactose) and amine-containing drugs, causing browning and potential loss of potency.
Which functional group undergoes N-acetylation as a Phase II metabolic pathway?
Answer: Primary aromatic amine
N-acetyltransferases conjugate an acetyl group to primary aromatic amines (and hydrazines/sulfonamides) as a Phase II detoxification pathway.