Mixed Deck — All FED Topics Flashcards

The concept of the 'hidden curriculum' refers to:

Answer: Implicit values, norms, and behaviors taught alongside formal content

The hidden curriculum encompasses the unspoken lessons about social roles, obedience, and norms that students absorb through the structure and culture of schooling.

Which U.S. Supreme Court case established that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional?

Answer: Brown v. Board of Education

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and ruled that 'separate but equal' schools violated the Equal Protection Clause.

What is the purpose of the socialization process?

Answer: Perception of the situation

The socialization process is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors appropriate for their society or group. Its primary purpose is to integrate individuals into society, enabling them to understand and appropriately respond to various social situations. This process shapes an individual's perception of the situation and how they should act within it.

In Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, the 'zone of proximal development' refers to:

Answer: The gap between what a learner can do alone and with guidance

Vygotsky defined the ZPD as the distance between a learner's actual developmental level and their potential level with skilled assistance.

Charter schools in the United States are best characterized as:

Answer: Publicly funded schools that operate with greater autonomy from district regulations in exchange for accountability for results

Charter schools receive public funding and must be open to all students, but operate under a charter (contract) that grants freedom from many district rules in exchange for meeting specific performance goals.

Wechsler determined that the mean score was equivalent to an IQ of

Answer: 100

David Wechsler, the creator of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and other intelligence tests, standardized his scales so that the average score for the general population is 100. This mean score of 100, with a standard deviation of 15, allows for a clear comparison of an individual's IQ to the average intellectual ability of their age group.

Which sociological perspective views schools as institutions that reproduce social inequality and serve the interests of the dominant class?

Answer: Conflict theory

Conflict theory, drawing on Marx, argues that schools perpetuate class, race, and gender inequalities by legitimizing dominant-group knowledge and sorting students into unequal roles.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 protects students with disabilities by:

Answer: Prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities in programs receiving federal funding and requiring reasonable accommodations

Section 504 is a civil rights law that prevents discrimination based on disability in federally funded schools and requires schools to provide accommodations so students can access education.

In Socratic method, learning occurs primarily through:

Answer: Guided questioning and dialogue

The Socratic method uses probing questions to encourage learners to think critically and arrive at understanding through dialogue rather than passive reception.

High-stakes testing in education refers to tests whose results are used to make:

Answer: Significant decisions such as grade promotion, graduation, school ratings, or teacher evaluation

High-stakes tests carry significant consequences for students, teachers, and schools, including grade retention, diploma denial, school sanctions, or teacher pay—raising questions about validity, equity, and test preparation.

The role of the US Department of Education (USDE) in public K-12 education is primarily to:

Answer: Provide federal funding, set civil rights enforcement, and collect national education data, while leaving most governance to states

Education in the US is constitutionally a state responsibility; the USDE provides federal financial support, enforces civil rights laws, and collects national data but does not run schools directly.

If Logos means Knowledge, What does Psyche means?

Answer: Soul

The word 'psychology' is derived from two ancient Greek words: 'psyche' and 'logos.' 'Logos' means 'study' or 'knowledge,' while 'psyche' traditionally referred to the soul, spirit, or mind. Therefore, in its original etymological sense, psychology meant the 'study of the soul,' though its modern definition has expanded to encompass the scientific study of mind and behavior.

The Coleman Report (1966) is significant in American education because it found that:

Answer: Family background and socioeconomic status were stronger predictors of achievement than school resources

The Coleman Report found that family socioeconomic background had a greater influence on student achievement than school resources, sparking major debates about educational equity.

FERPA (Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act) primarily protects:

Answer: The privacy of student education records and gives parents rights to access and challenge those records

FERPA gives parents the right to access, review, and seek amendment of their children's education records, and restricts schools from disclosing records without parental consent.

The deviation I Q is a particular kind of

Answer: Standard Score

A deviation IQ is a type of standard score that indicates how far an individual's intelligence score deviates from the average score of their age group. Unlike earlier ratio IQs, deviation IQs are statistically derived, comparing an individual's performance to a normative sample. This makes them a more reliable and widely used measure in modern intelligence testing.

The concept of 'school accountability' in US education policy most directly means:

Answer: Holding schools responsible for student academic outcomes through public reporting, rewards, and sanctions

Accountability policies require schools to demonstrate student achievement results and face consequences—ranging from public reporting to reconstitution—when targets are not met.

Which philosopher is most closely associated with the idea that education should develop rational thinking based on innate ideas?

Answer: Plato

Plato believed that education should help individuals recall innate, universal truths through rational inquiry, as expressed in his Allegory of the Cave.

Which of these concepts is Aristotle promoting?

Answer: Humans are rational beings which should live according to the natural laws of the universe.

Aristotle believed that humans are fundamentally rational beings, distinguishing them from other animals. He argued that the highest human good (eudaimonia or flourishing) is achieved by living in accordance with reason and virtue, which he saw as aligning with the natural laws of the universe. His philosophy emphasizes understanding the natural world and human place within it through logical inquiry and ethical conduct.

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015 replaced NCLB primarily by:

Answer: Shifting significant accountability authority back to individual states

ESSA maintained federal requirements for annual testing but gave states far more flexibility to design their own accountability systems, reducing federal prescription that characterized NCLB.

It is used to describe the base of any system or construction.

Answer: Foundation

The term "foundation" is used to describe the underlying base or support structure of any system or construction, including education. In education, foundations refer to the fundamental principles, theories, and disciplines that provide a stable framework for understanding and developing educational practices. They serve as the bedrock upon which the entire educational system is built.