Pediatric Care Flashcards

At what age is it recommended to start routine screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children?

Answer: 18 months

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends routine screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children at 18 months and 24 months of age. This universal screening is crucial for early detection, even in the absence of specific concerns. Early identification allows for prompt intervention, which has been shown to significantly improve developmental outcomes for children with ASD.

What is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) in children?

Answer: Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is the first-line treatment for acute otitis media (AOM) in children due to its effectiveness against common bacterial causes and its favorable safety profile. It is typically prescribed for 5-10 days, depending on the child's age and severity of infection. While other antibiotics may be used for penicillin-allergic patients or treatment failures, amoxicillin remains the initial drug of choice.

Which vaccine is recommended at birth for all newborns?

Answer: Hepatitis B

The Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended at birth for all newborns, ideally within 24 hours of delivery. This early vaccination is crucial for preventing perinatal transmission of the virus from an infected mother to her baby. It is part of a series that provides long-term protection against Hepatitis B infection, which can lead to serious liver disease.

Which developmental milestone is expected at 9 months of age?

Answer: Waving bye-bye

Waving bye-bye is a common social-emotional developmental milestone expected around 9 months of age. This gesture demonstrates the infant's ability to imitate and engage in reciprocal communication. While other milestones like specific word usage or walking occur later, waving bye-bye indicates emerging social understanding and interaction skills.

Which of the following is a risk factor for iron deficiency anemia in infants?

Answer: Both A and C

Both exclusive breastfeeding beyond 6 months without iron supplementation and low birth weight are significant risk factors for iron deficiency anemia in infants. Breast milk alone may not provide sufficient iron after 6 months, and low birth weight infants have smaller iron stores at birth. Therefore, ensuring adequate iron intake through fortified foods or supplements is crucial for preventing anemia in these vulnerable populations.