Women's Health and Obstetrics Flashcards

At what gestational age is a fetus considered viable by US obstetric standards?

Answer: 22–24 weeks

Fetal viability is generally accepted at 22–24 weeks gestation, though survival rates significantly improve with advancing gestational age.

A 26-year-old woman presents with a positive pregnancy test and sharp unilateral pelvic pain with vaginal spotting. Which diagnosis must be ruled out first?

Answer: Ectopic pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening emergency and must be excluded immediately with transvaginal ultrasound and quantitative hCG.

Which screening test is recommended at 24–28 weeks gestation to detect gestational diabetes?

Answer: 1-hour 50g glucose challenge test

The 1-hour 50g glucose challenge test (GCT) is the standard screening tool for gestational diabetes between 24–28 weeks.

What is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for moderate-to-severe menopausal vasomotor symptoms in a woman without contraindications?

Answer: Hormone therapy (estrogen ± progesterone)

Hormone therapy remains the most effective treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms in appropriate candidates.

Which organism is most commonly responsible for bacterial vaginosis?

Answer: Gardnerella vaginalis

Gardnerella vaginalis drives the disruption of normal vaginal flora that characterizes bacterial vaginosis.

A woman at 32 weeks gestation presents with sudden painless vaginal bleeding. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Answer: Placenta previa

Placenta previa classically presents with painless bright red vaginal bleeding in the third trimester due to the low-lying placenta.