FFICM FFICM Organ System Failure and Support

Question 1

Which KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) criteria define acute kidney injury Stage 1?

Accepted Answer

Serum creatinine rise ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48h or ≥1.5× baseline within 7 days

Answer

KDIGO Stage 1 AKI is defined as a creatinine rise ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or 1.5–1.9× baseline within 7 days, or urine output <0.5 mL/kg/h for 6–12 hours.

Question 2

In continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), which modality uses both convection and diffusion for solute removal?

Accepted Answer

Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF)

Answer

CVVHDF combines convection (ultrafiltration) and diffusion (dialysate) mechanisms, providing superior clearance of both small and middle molecular weight solutes.

Question 3

Which electrolyte abnormality most commonly complicates continuous renal replacement therapy requiring supplementation?

Accepted Answer

Hypophosphatemia

Answer

Phosphate is efficiently removed by CRRT and is not present in standard replacement fluids, making hypophosphatemia the most common electrolyte complication requiring supplementation.

Question 4

Which scoring system is most commonly used to assess severity and prognosis in acute liver failure?

Accepted Answer

King's College Criteria

Answer

The King's College Criteria identify patients with acetaminophen or non-acetaminophen acute liver failure who are unlikely to survive without liver transplantation.

Question 5

What is the primary mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy in critically ill patients with liver failure?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of ammonia and false neurotransmitters impairing cerebral function

Answer

Hepatic encephalopathy arises primarily from ammonia accumulation (impaired urea cycle), along with inflammatory mediators and false neurotransmitters that disrupt cerebral astrocyte function.

(FFICM) Final Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine Practice Test

(FFICM) Final Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine Practice Test

FFICM FFICM Organ System Failure and Support