FCCS Cardiovascular Emergencies Flashcards

Dobutamine is preferred over norepinephrine in which hemodynamic state?

Answer: Cardiogenic shock with low cardiac output and adequate blood pressure

Dobutamine's positive inotropic effect makes it the agent of choice when pump failure (low CO) is the primary problem with a relatively preserved MAP.

Beck's triad (hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds) is classic for which emergency?

Answer: Cardiac tamponade

Beck's triad — hypotension, jugular venous distension, and muffled heart sounds — is the clinical hallmark of cardiac tamponade.

What ECG finding is pathognomonic for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)?

Answer: ST elevation ≥ 1mm in ≥ 2 contiguous leads

STEMI is diagnosed by ST elevation ≥ 1 mm in at least two contiguous leads representing the same coronary territory.

Which medication should be avoided in right ventricular infarction with hypotension?

Answer: Nitroglycerin (preload reducers)

RV infarction depends on adequate preload; nitroglycerin reduces venous return, worsening hypotension in this setting.

What is the recommended CPR compression-to-ventilation ratio for adults with an advanced airway in place?

Answer: Continuous compressions at 100–120/min with 1 breath every 6 seconds

Once an advanced airway is secured, continuous chest compressions at 100–120/min are given while ventilations are delivered asynchronously at 1 breath every 6 seconds.

Electrical alternans on ECG is most associated with which diagnosis?

Answer: Cardiac tamponade

Electrical alternans (beat-to-beat alternation of QRS axis/amplitude) results from the heart swinging within a large pericardial effusion, indicating tamponade.