Family Practice Exam Preventive Medicine 2 — Questions and Answers
Question 1: At what age should average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy, per USPSTF 2021 guidelines?
- 40 years
- 45 years (Correct answer)
- 50 years
- 55 years
Correct answer: 45 years
USPSTF updated its 2021 guidelines to recommend colorectal cancer screening starting at age 45 for average-risk adults.
Question 2: Which vaccine is recommended annually for all persons aged 6 months and older in the United States?
- Pneumococcal vaccine
- Influenza vaccine (Correct answer)
- Tdap vaccine
- Hepatitis A vaccine
Correct answer: Influenza vaccine
The CDC recommends annual influenza vaccination for everyone aged 6 months and older, ideally before the end of October.
Question 3: A 55-year-old male with a 30 pack-year smoking history who currently smokes should receive which cancer screening?
- CT colonography annually
- Low-dose CT chest annually (Correct answer)
- Chest X-ray annually
- Sputum cytology every 3 years
Correct answer: Low-dose CT chest annually
USPSTF recommends annual low-dose CT of the chest for adults aged 50–80 with a 20+ pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within 15 years.
Question 4: Which intervention has the strongest evidence for reducing cardiovascular mortality in a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension and no other comorbidities?
- Stress reduction counseling
- Sodium restriction alone
- Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy plus lifestyle modification (Correct answer)
- Potassium supplementation
Correct answer: Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy plus lifestyle modification
Combined antihypertensive drug therapy and lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight loss) provides the greatest reduction in cardiovascular events.
Question 5: The USPSTF recommends screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm with one-time abdominal ultrasound in which population?
- Men aged 65–75 who have ever smoked (Correct answer)
- Women aged 65–75 who have ever smoked
- All adults aged 60 and older
- Men aged 55–75 with a family history of AAA
Correct answer: Men aged 65–75 who have ever smoked
USPSTF recommends one-time abdominal ultrasound screening for AAA in men aged 65–75 who have a history of smoking (at least 100 cigarettes lifetime).
Question 6: Which lipid-lowering drug class is considered first-line for primary prevention of ASCVD in a patient with LDL ≥190 mg/dL?
- Fibrates
- Niacin
- High-intensity statins (Correct answer)
- Bile acid sequestrants
Correct answer: High-intensity statins
ACC/AHA guidelines recommend high-intensity statin therapy for patients with LDL ≥190 mg/dL regardless of 10-year ASCVD risk score.
Question 7: Folic acid supplementation (400–800 mcg daily) is recommended for women of childbearing age primarily to prevent which condition?
- Gestational diabetes
- Neural tube defects (Correct answer)
- Preeclampsia
- Iron-deficiency anemia
Correct answer: Neural tube defects
Periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly by up to 70%.
Family Practice Exam Preventive Medicine 2
At what age should average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy, per USPSTF 2021 guidelines?