Family Practice Exam Pharmacology and Prescribing Flashcards
6 cards from real Family Practice Exam practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Family Practice Exam Pharmacology and Prescribing flashcards as text
A patient on digoxin presents with nausea, yellow-green visual disturbances (xanthopsia), and bradycardia. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Digoxin toxicity
The classic triad of GI symptoms, xanthopsia (yellow-green vision), and bradyarrhythmias is pathognomonic for digoxin toxicity.
Which electrolyte abnormality most increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?
Answer: Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia increases digoxin binding affinity to Na/K-ATPase, potentiating its toxic effects on cardiac automaticity and conduction.
What is the first-line regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication in the United States?
Answer: Clarithromycin triple therapy (PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin)
Clarithromycin-based triple therapy (PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin for 14 days) remains the standard first-line H. pylori regimen in regions with low clarithromycin resistance.
A patient stabilized on warfarin begins eating large daily servings of leafy green vegetables. What change in INR would you expect?
Answer: Decrease in INR
Leafy greens are high in vitamin K, which replenishes clotting factor activity and counteracts warfarin's anticoagulant effect, lowering the INR.
Which antihypertensive medication is contraindicated in a patient who also has gout?
Answer: Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretics reduce renal uric acid excretion by competing at the proximal tubule, raising serum urate and precipitating gout attacks.
A woman taking rifampin for active TB reports that her oral contraceptive pills may not be working. What is the pharmacologic explanation?
Answer: Rifampin is a potent CYP3A4 inducer that accelerates OCP metabolism
Rifampin is a potent CYP3A4 inducer that markedly increases hepatic metabolism of estrogen and progestin, reducing oral contraceptive plasma levels and efficacy.
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