Family Practice Exam Cardiovascular Medicine Flashcards
6 cards from real Family Practice Exam practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 6 Family Practice Exam Cardiovascular Medicine flashcards as text
A patient presents with sudden palpitations, HR 158 bpm, and an irregularly irregular rhythm on exam. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Atrial fibrillation
An irregularly irregular rhythm at a rapid rate is the hallmark clinical finding of atrial fibrillation.
Which physical exam finding is most specific for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction?
Answer: S3 gallop
An S3 gallop (third heart sound) is highly specific for ventricular volume overload and reduced ejection fraction in heart failure.
What is the LDL goal for a patient with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)?
Answer: Less than 70 mg/dL
ACC/AHA guidelines recommend an LDL target of <70 mg/dL for patients with established ASCVD due to their very high cardiovascular risk.
A patient with HFrEF on lisinopril develops a persistent dry cough. What is the best medication change?
Answer: Switch to an ARB
ARBs provide equivalent cardiovascular benefits to ACE inhibitors without causing bradykinin-mediated cough.
Which valve lesion produces a harsh systolic ejection murmur best heard at the right upper sternal border radiating to the carotids?
Answer: Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis classically produces a harsh crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur at the right second intercostal space that radiates to the carotid arteries.
What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in adults under 40 years old?
Answer: Renovascular hypertension
Renovascular hypertension from renal artery stenosis (often fibromuscular dysplasia in young adults) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in patients under 40.
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