Chronic Disease Management Flashcards
7 cards from real Family Practice Exam practice questions. Tap to flip, then mark Knew It or Still Learning — missed cards come back until you master them.
Read the first 7 Chronic Disease Management flashcards as text
A 58-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes has an HbA1c of 9.2% despite metformin monotherapy. What is the most appropriate next step?
Answer: Add a second oral agent or injectable therapy
When HbA1c remains above target on metformin monotherapy, guidelines recommend adding a second agent such as a GLP-1 agonist, SGLT-2 inhibitor, or sulfonylurea.
Which blood pressure target is recommended for a 72-year-old patient with hypertension but no diabetes or CKD, according to current ACC/AHA guidelines?
Answer: Less than 130/80 mmHg
The 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines recommend a BP target of less than 130/80 mmHg for most adults, including older patients who can tolerate treatment.
A COPD patient with frequent exacerbations (≥2/year) and severe airflow limitation is best treated with which maintenance regimen?
Answer: LABA + LAMA + ICS triple therapy
Patients with frequent exacerbations and severe COPD benefit most from triple therapy combining LABA, LAMA, and inhaled corticosteroids to reduce exacerbation risk.
Which laboratory finding most strongly indicates the need to initiate statin therapy in a patient without known cardiovascular disease?
Answer: 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5% with LDL ≥70 mg/dL
ACC/AHA guidelines recommend initiating statin therapy for primary prevention when the 10-year ASCVD risk is ≥7.5% and LDL is ≥70 mg/dL.
A patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is already on ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker. Which additional drug class has been shown to reduce mortality?
Answer: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (spironolactone)
Aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone reduce mortality in HFrEF when added to ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker therapy, as shown in the RALES trial.
Which of the following best describes the recommended monitoring interval for diabetic nephropathy screening in a patient with type 2 diabetes and normal renal function?
Answer: Annual urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and serum creatinine
Annual screening with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR is recommended starting at diagnosis for type 2 diabetes to detect early nephropathy.
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis on methotrexate develops a persistent dry cough and dyspnea. What is the most likely cause?
Answer: Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis
Methotrexate pneumonitis is a serious but uncommon adverse effect characterized by dry cough, dyspnea, and fever, requiring drug discontinuation.
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