Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Flashcards

According to the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), at what age should average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening?

Answer: 45 years

The USPSTF updated its recommendation in 2021 to begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45 for average-risk adults.

Which vaccine is recommended annually for all persons aged 6 months and older, regardless of health status?

Answer: Influenza vaccine

Annual influenza vaccination is recommended by the CDC for everyone 6 months of age and older each flu season.

A 55-year-old male patient with a 30 pack-year smoking history is currently smoking. Which cancer screening should the FNP recommend?

Answer: Low-dose CT scan of the chest annually

USPSTF recommends annual low-dose CT lung cancer screening for adults aged 50-80 with a 20+ pack-year history who currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years.

Which level of prevention involves early detection of disease before symptoms appear, such as screening mammography?

Answer: Secondary prevention

Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of disease before symptoms develop, such as screening for breast cancer with mammography.

The FNP is counseling a 28-year-old woman planning pregnancy. Which supplement should be recommended to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

Answer: Folic acid 400-800 mcg/day

Folic acid 400-800 mcg daily is recommended for all women of childbearing age, and especially before conception, to prevent neural tube defects.

At what age should women of average risk begin mammography screening according to the USPSTF (2024 guidelines)?

Answer: 40 years

The USPSTF 2024 updated guidelines recommend that women begin biennial mammography screening at age 40.

Which of the following is a primary prevention strategy for type 2 diabetes in a high-risk patient?

Answer: Lifestyle modification including weight loss and increased physical activity

Lifestyle interventions including 5-7% weight loss and 150 minutes of moderate physical activity weekly are first-line primary prevention for type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals.

According to the CDC immunization schedule, which vaccines are routinely recommended for adults aged 65 and older?

Answer: Pneumococcal (PCV20 or PPSV23) and annual influenza

Adults 65 and older should receive pneumococcal vaccine (PCV20 or PCV15 followed by PPSV23) and annual influenza vaccine as core recommendations.

A healthy 45-year-old woman asks about osteoporosis screening. What is the appropriate recommendation?

Answer: DEXA scan at age 65

USPSTF recommends bone density screening with DEXA for women aged 65 and older; younger postmenopausal women with risk factors may screen earlier.

Which intervention is most effective for reducing cardiovascular disease risk in a patient with hypertension and hyperlipidemia?

Answer: Therapeutic lifestyle changes including diet and exercise

Therapeutic lifestyle changes including the DASH diet, weight loss, smoking cessation, and regular exercise are the most effective initial interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction.

The FNP is discussing the HPV vaccine with the parent of a 12-year-old. What is the recommended schedule for this age group?

Answer: 2-dose series at 0 and 6-12 months

For adolescents who start the HPV vaccine series before age 15, a 2-dose schedule (0 and 6-12 months apart) is recommended.

Which screening is recommended by USPSTF for sexually active women under age 25 regardless of symptoms?

Answer: Chlamydia and gonorrhea screening annually

USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in all sexually active women aged 24 and younger, and in older women at increased risk.

A patient has a BMI of 32 kg/m². According to the USPSTF, what is the most appropriate intervention?

Answer: Refer for intensive multicomponent behavioral intervention

USPSTF recommends referring adults with obesity (BMI ≥30) to intensive, multicomponent behavioral weight loss interventions.

Which of the following best describes tertiary prevention in the context of a patient with heart failure?

Answer: Cardiac rehabilitation and medication adherence to prevent hospitalization

Tertiary prevention aims to minimize complications and improve function in patients with established disease, such as cardiac rehab for heart failure patients.

A 50-year-old male patient with no prior cardiovascular events has a 10-year ASCVD risk of 12%. What is the most appropriate recommendation?

Answer: Statin therapy discussion based on shared decision-making

For patients with an intermediate 10-year ASCVD risk (7.5-20%), current guidelines recommend a shared decision-making discussion about initiating moderate-intensity statin therapy.

Which of the following is recommended by USPSTF for depression screening in the general adult population?

Answer: Screen all adults aged 18 and older

USPSTF recommends screening for depression in all adults 18 and older when adequate systems are in place to ensure diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

A 65-year-old patient asks about shingles prevention. Which vaccine should the FNP recommend?

Answer: Shingrix (recombinant zoster vaccine) 2-dose series

Shingrix (RZV) 2-dose series is recommended for adults 50 and older and is preferred over Zostavax due to greater efficacy (>90%).

The FNP counsels a patient about sun safety. Which of the following recommendations aligns with skin cancer primary prevention?

Answer: Apply broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid peak UV hours

Primary prevention of skin cancer includes broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen, UV-protective clothing, and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours (10 AM–4 PM).

Which blood pressure threshold is used to diagnose hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines?

Answer: ≥130/80 mmHg

The 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines lowered the threshold for hypertension diagnosis to ≥130/80 mmHg, replacing the prior ≥140/90 threshold.

A 30-year-old woman at average risk asks how often she should have a Pap smear. What is the current USPSTF recommendation?

Answer: Every 3 years (cytology alone) or every 5 years (with HPV co-testing)

USPSTF recommends cervical cancer screening every 3 years with cytology alone, or every 5 years with high-risk HPV testing or co-testing for women aged 30-65.