FACEM Research and Innovation 3

Question 1

A study reports a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 50% but an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of only 1%. Which statement best contextualizes this finding?

Accepted Answer

The ARR indicates the absolute benefit is small despite the large RRR

Answer

A large RRR can be misleading when baseline risk is low; ARR of 1% means NNT = 100, indicating modest absolute benefit.

Question 2

Which type of bias occurs when patients with more severe illness are more likely to be selected for a new treatment?

Accepted Answer

Confounding by indication

Answer

Confounding by indication occurs when the indication for treatment is also a risk factor for the outcome, distorting observational results.

Question 3

In emergency medicine research, which method is commonly used to obtain consent when patients lack decision-making capacity?

Accepted Answer

Waiver of consent approved by an ethics committee

Answer

A waiver of consent may be granted by an ethics committee for emergency research when the condition precludes consent and delay would harm participants.

Question 4

A p-value of 0.03 means:

Accepted Answer

The probability of observing this result by chance alone, assuming no true effect, is 3%

Answer

A p-value is the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Question 5

The 'intention-to-treat' (ITT) principle in RCT analysis means:

Accepted Answer

All randomized participants are analyzed in their assigned group regardless of adherence

Answer

ITT analysis preserves the benefits of randomization and avoids bias from differential dropout by analyzing all participants as allocated.

(FACEM) Fellowship of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Practice Test

(FACEM) Fellowship of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Practice Test

FACEM Research and Innovation 3