TICO - Travel Industry Council of Ontario Exam — Questions and Answers

Question 1: Which of the following situations would NOT be eligible for a claim against the TICO Travel Industry Compensation Fund?

A consumer paid a TICO-registered retailer for a flight, but the airline ceased operations.
A customer paid for a cruise with a TICO-registered agency, but the cruise line became insolvent before the trip.
A traveller is left stranded mid-trip because their TICO-registered tour operator went bankrupt.
A traveller is unhappy with the quality of the hotel accommodations provided in their vacation package. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A traveller is unhappy with the quality of the hotel accommodations provided in their vacation package.

The Compensation Fund covers the non-provision of travel services due to bankruptcy or insolvency. It does not cover issues related to the quality or value of the services that were provided.

Question 2: A travel agency runs a digital ad stating 'All-inclusive Cancun resort — $899 per person.' The price excludes a mandatory $74 resort fee collected directly by the hotel at check-out. Under TICO advertising standards, how must this fee be handled in the advertisement?

It only needs disclosure if it exceeds 10% of the advertised package price
It must be included in the advertised price or prominently disclosed as a mandatory additional charge (Correct answer)
It may appear in footnote text in a font no smaller than 6-point as long as it is on the same page
It may be excluded if it is collected by the hotel directly and not by the travel agency

Correct answer: It must be included in the advertised price or prominently disclosed as a mandatory additional charge

TICO advertising standards require that all mandatory, non-optional charges — regardless of which party collects them — must either be included in the total advertised price or be clearly and prominently disclosed as additional mandatory costs. A mandatory resort fee is not optional and cannot be omitted simply because payment flows to the hotel rather than the agency. There is no percentage threshold or minimum font-size loophole that permits burying mandatory fees.

Question 3: ABC Travel Agency has been in business for two years. The owner informs TICO that he plans to stop maintaining a trust account. Under Ontario Regulation 26/05, can he do this?

yes, as long as the general account contains the equivalent of sales from the past 12 months he can close the business' trust account
no, he must be in business for three fiscal years before he can choose not to operate a trust account
no, he must operate a trust account
yes, if he provides security in lieu of trust accounting (Correct answer)

Correct answer: yes, if he provides security in lieu of trust accounting

Ontario Regulation 26/05 does not require all registrants to maintain a trust account — it permits an alternative where the registrant provides adequate security in lieu of trust accounting. The regulation does not impose a minimum number of years in business before this option becomes available, and there is no provision allowing a plain general account balance to substitute for a trust account.

Question 4: What is the best resource for TICO-registered agents to consult for up-to-date destination health notices and travel advisories for any country?

The Government of Canada's official travel.gc.ca website (Correct answer)
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) manual only
The destination country's tourist board website exclusively
The travel agent's personal travel experience notes

Correct answer: The Government of Canada's official travel.gc.ca website

travel.gc.ca is the authoritative Canadian government source for entry requirements, advisories, and local laws for all international destinations.

Question 5: A TICO-registered travel agency is acquired by a parent corporation. The acquiring corporation wants to continue operating under the original agency's name and TICO registration. Which statement correctly describes the registration consequence?

Transfer is permitted if the acquiring corporation's principals hold existing TICO registration in any capacity
The existing registration is automatically transferred to the new corporate owner upon filing a change of ownership form
The acquiring corporation must apply for a new registration, as registrations are non-transferable between legal entities (Correct answer)
The registration remains valid for 180 days post-acquisition to allow time for transition paperwork

Correct answer: The acquiring corporation must apply for a new registration, as registrations are non-transferable between legal entities

TICO registrations are issued to a specific legal entity and are non-transferable. When a business changes ownership to a new legal entity — even if the trade name remains the same — the new owner must apply for an entirely new registration. Operating under the previous entity's registration after a change of ownership would constitute unregistered operation.

Question 6: A travel agency advertises a 'limited-time' cruise deal but has only one cabin available at that price. What must be clearly disclosed?

The availability of the limited quantity so consumers are not misled (Correct answer)
The agency's TICO registration number only
The full itinerary of the cruise in the advertisement
The name of the cruise ship and its registration country

Correct answer: The availability of the limited quantity so consumers are not misled

Advertising limited availability deals requires clear disclosure of quantity limitations to prevent misleading consumers.

Question 7: Under Ontario Regulation 26/05, when must a travel agent provide a written disclosure of material changes to a consumer?

Within 48 hours of learning of the change
As soon as reasonably possible after learning of the change (Correct answer)
At least 7 days before departure
Only if the consumer requests it in writing

Correct answer: As soon as reasonably possible after learning of the change

The Regulation requires the agent to notify the consumer of material changes as soon as reasonably possible after the agent becomes aware of them.

Question 8: How is a 'travel wholesaler' best described under TICO's regulatory framework?

A travel agent who is licensed to operate in multiple provinces simultaneously
A business that purchases airline seats in bulk and sells them directly to the public
A person who sells travel services directly to the public at discounted wholesale prices
A person who assembles travel services and sells them to travel agents for resale to consumers (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A person who assembles travel services and sells them to travel agents for resale to consumers

A travel wholesaler assembles travel packages and sells them to registered travel agents who then resell to consumers — they do not typically sell directly to the public.

Question 9: A consumer purchases a $9,500 vacation package through a TICO-registered agency. The registered wholesaler becomes insolvent after the consumer paid in full but before any travel occurred. The consumer files a claim with the TICO Travel Industry Compensation Fund. Which scenario would render the consumer's claim INELIGIBLE for Fund compensation?

The travel dates were more than 12 months after the original purchase date
The consumer paid the entire amount by credit card and has already initiated a chargeback with their bank (Correct answer)
The consumer also holds a valid travel insurance policy that includes supplier default coverage for the same loss
The consumer failed to submit their claim within the prescribed 12-month filing period after discovering the loss

Correct answer: The consumer paid the entire amount by credit card and has already initiated a chargeback with their bank

The TICO Compensation Fund operates as a fund of last resort — it will not compensate a consumer if the loss has already been recovered or is recoverable through another source, including a successful credit card chargeback. If the consumer has already recouped their money via chargeback, a duplicate Fund claim for the same loss is ineligible. The other options do not automatically disqualify a claim: travel insurance may have gaps, the 12-month purchase window is not a general eligibility bar, and the filing deadline disqualifies late claims but not those filed within the period.

Question 10: According to Ontario Regulation 26/05, when a travel agent advertises a price for travel services, what must be included in the advertised price?

Only the base fare and a statement that taxes and fees are extra.
The total price, including all taxes, fees, levies, and service charges. (Correct answer)
The price excluding HST, which is to be added at the time of booking.
The price of the travel services plus any applicable supplier surcharges only.

Correct answer: The total price, including all taxes, fees, levies, and service charges.

Section 33 of Ontario Regulation 26/05 requires that any representation referring to a price must state the total amount the customer will be required to pay. This is known as 'all-in pricing' and includes all taxes, fees, levies, service charges, and any other charges.

Question 11: An agency's trust account is audited and found to have a shortfall — the balance is less than the total of outstanding client obligations. How serious is this finding?

Serious only if the shortfall exceeds $10,000 in absolute terms
Not serious if the agency can demonstrate it was due to a bookkeeping error
Minor — agencies are permitted up to a 10% shortfall as a buffer for processing delays
Extremely serious — a trust account shortfall is a fundamental violation that may result in immediate registration suspension and consumer harm (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Extremely serious — a trust account shortfall is a fundamental violation that may result in immediate registration suspension and consumer harm

A trust account shortfall is a fundamental violation indicating that client funds may have been misused. TICO treats this as a serious matter that can result in immediate enforcement action.

Question 12: A TICO registrant holds client trust funds for a packaged tour departing in 45 days. The tour operator unexpectedly goes insolvent and cancels all bookings. The registrant has not yet remitted funds to the supplier. Which of the following correctly describes the registrant's obligations regarding those trust funds?

The registrant may transfer the funds to operating accounts to cover the administrative costs of managing the insolvency situation
The funds must remain in trust and be returned to clients, as the registrant's obligation to the client survives the supplier's insolvency (Correct answer)
The funds automatically become unclaimed property and must be remitted to the Ontario government within 30 days
The funds may be held pending resolution of the supplier's insolvency proceedings, up to 90 days, before a refund decision is required

Correct answer: The funds must remain in trust and be returned to clients, as the registrant's obligation to the client survives the supplier's insolvency

Trust funds belong to the client until the travel service is actually rendered. When a supplier becomes insolvent and cannot provide the service, the registrant's duty to refund the client remains intact — the trust funds must be returned to clients in full. The registrant cannot offset these funds against its own losses or administrative costs. This is a core protection of the trust accounting regime: the client's money does not become the registrant's asset under any circumstance before service delivery.

Question 13: A consumer books a vacation package through a TICO-registered agent. The wholesaler later changes the hotel to a lower-rated property. Who is responsible for disclosing this material change?

The retail travel agent (Correct answer)
The hotel directly
The airline carrier
The wholesaler only

Correct answer: The retail travel agent

The retail travel agent is the registrant with a direct consumer relationship and bears the responsibility to disclose material changes to the consumer.

Question 14: Which of the following best describes TICO's mandate under the Travel Industry Act, 2002?

To promote Ontario as a travel destination to international tourists
To provide travel insurance to consumers who book through registered agents
To negotiate airline contracts on behalf of Ontario consumers
To protect the public interest by regulating and enforcing standards for Ontario's travel agents and wholesalers (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To protect the public interest by regulating and enforcing standards for Ontario's travel agents and wholesalers

TICO's mandate is to protect the public interest through the regulation and enforcement of standards for travel agents and wholesalers operating in Ontario.

Question 15: A registrant receives a $12,000 client deposit on March 1 for a trip departing June 15. The supplier invoices $9,000 on April 10, payable by April 30. Under TICO trust accounting rules, what is the EARLIEST the registrant may release the $9,000 from trust to pay the supplier?

Immediately upon receipt of the supplier invoice on April 10
On April 30, once the payment is actually due to the supplier (Correct answer)
Only after the client has departed on June 15
Only after the client has signed an acknowledgement that the funds are being released

Correct answer: On April 30, once the payment is actually due to the supplier

Under Ontario's Travel Industry Act, trust funds may only be disbursed when a payment obligation to a supplier is actually due. The registrant cannot release funds early simply because an invoice exists — the release is tied to the due date, not the invoice date. The funds must remain in trust until April 30.

Question 16: Under TICO regulations, a client purchases a travel package to Thailand. Two weeks before departure, the Canadian government upgrades its travel advisory for a specific region of Thailand to Level 3 — 'Avoid non-essential travel.' The client's resort is located in a different region of Thailand not under any advisory. What should the agent do?

Take no action, as the advisory applies only to a specific region and the client's destination is unaffected.
Advise the client to cancel immediately, as travel insurance typically becomes void for any travel to a country with an active Level 3 advisory in any region.
Proactively notify the client of the advisory, clarify that it applies to a specific region distinct from their destination, and document the disclosure — allowing the client to make an informed decision. (Correct answer)
Cancel the booking automatically and issue a full refund, as any Level 3 advisory for the destination country triggers full cancellation rights.

Correct answer: Proactively notify the client of the advisory, clarify that it applies to a specific region distinct from their destination, and document the disclosure — allowing the client to make an informed decision.

A TICO-registered agent must proactively disclose material changes and advisories, even when they affect only part of a destination country. The agent should clearly explain which region carries the Level 3 advisory and confirm the client's specific destination is not affected. The client retains the right to make their own informed decision. Blanket cancellation is not required. Travel insurance validity depends on the specific policy language — some policies are voided by country-level advisories while others are region-specific — so the agent should advise the client to check their policy, not make assumptions.

Question 17: Travel insurance and the Travel Compensation Fund (TCF) both protect consumers but cover different risks. Which of the following best describes how they interact?

Travel insurance is a legal alternative to the TCF and consumers can choose one or the other
The TCF pays first and travel insurance covers any remaining balance
Having travel insurance disqualifies a consumer from making a TCF claim
Travel insurance and the TCF cover different risks — insurance covers trip cancellation and medical emergencies, while the TCF covers registrant insolvency (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Travel insurance and the TCF cover different risks — insurance covers trip cancellation and medical emergencies, while the TCF covers registrant insolvency

Travel insurance and the TCF cover different risks and work together to provide comprehensive protection.

Question 18: A travel agent working as an independent contractor under a TICO-registered host agency fails to forward a client's cruise deposit to the cruise line. Can the client claim from the Travel Compensation Fund?

No, because independent contractors are personally liable
Yes, but only if the independent contractor holds a personal TICO registration
No, because cruise deposits are excluded from Fund coverage
Yes, because the registered host agency is responsible for the registrant's obligations (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Yes, because the registered host agency is responsible for the registrant's obligations

The host agency, as the TICO registrant of record, bears responsibility, making the consumer eligible for a Fund claim.

Question 19: Under TICO regulations, a retail travel agent books a consumer on a tour operated by a non-registered foreign wholesaler. The consumer suffers a financial loss when the tour operator fails. Which statement accurately describes the interaction between the agent's disclosure obligations and the consumer's access to the TICO Travel Industry Compensation Fund?

The consumer has no Compensation Fund claim because the tour operator was non-registered, and the retail agent bears no additional disclosure liability since foreign operators are outside TICO's jurisdiction.
The consumer may have a claim against the Compensation Fund if the retail agent is a TICO registrant and the loss arose from a transaction in Ontario, but the agent's failure to disclose that the wholesaler was non-registered could constitute a separate regulatory breach. (Correct answer)
The retail agent's TICO registration is automatically suspended when they knowingly use a non-registered wholesaler, and the consumer must pursue civil remedies exclusively.
The consumer's Compensation Fund claim is automatically doubled when a non-registered supplier is involved, as a deterrent against agents using unregistered wholesalers.

Correct answer: The consumer may have a claim against the Compensation Fund if the retail agent is a TICO registrant and the loss arose from a transaction in Ontario, but the agent's failure to disclose that the wholesaler was non-registered could constitute a separate regulatory breach.

The TICO Compensation Fund may be available for consumer losses arising from Ontario travel transactions with registered registrants, even when a non-registered foreign operator fails — eligibility depends on the specific facts of the transaction. However, a retail agent who uses a non-registered wholesaler without disclosing this to the consumer has potentially breached their obligation to provide material information, since a consumer's awareness that their trip is serviced by a non-registered entity could affect their decision-making and their understanding of available protections. These are distinct issues: compensation fund eligibility and the agent's disclosure compliance.

Question 20: Ontario Regulation 26/05 was made under which Ontario statute?

The Travel Industry Act, 2002 (Correct answer)
The Consumer Protection Act, 2002
The Business Corporations Act
The Ontario Tourism Act

Correct answer: The Travel Industry Act, 2002

Ontario Regulation 26/05 is a regulation made under the authority of the Travel Industry Act, 2002 and provides the detailed rules implementing the Act.

Question 21: A registered travel agent acts strictly as an agent for a disclosed travel supplier and collects payment on the supplier's behalf. Under O. Reg. 26/05, which of the following statements about the trust account obligation is correct?

The agent is never required to place supplier-collected funds into trust because those funds belong to the supplier immediately upon receipt.
The agent must always deposit the funds into their own trust account regardless of the agency relationship.
The agent may bypass trust only if the supplier is located outside of Ontario.
The agent is exempt from the trust account requirement only if the supplier is also a TICO registrant and the agency relationship is disclosed in writing to the consumer. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The agent is exempt from the trust account requirement only if the supplier is also a TICO registrant and the agency relationship is disclosed in writing to the consumer.

Under O. Reg. 26/05, a travel agent acting as a disclosed agent for a supplier registrant may be relieved of the trust obligation for those specific funds — but only when the supplier is a TICO registrant AND the agency relationship is disclosed to the consumer in writing. Both conditions must be satisfied simultaneously. If either is absent, trust account rules apply.

Question 22: A consumer prepaid a Caribbean cruise package through a TICO-registered travel agency. One week before departure, the cruise line (not a TICO registrant) declares bankruptcy and cancels all sailings. The travel agency itself remains solvent and open. Which statement best describes the consumer's recourse under O. Reg. 26/05?

The consumer may file a claim against the TICO Travel Industry Compensation Fund only if the agency also becomes insolvent within 12 months
The consumer may file a claim against the TICO Travel Industry Compensation Fund because a prepaid travel service was not delivered
The consumer is fully protected because the agency was required to hold the cruise funds in trust until the sailing date
The consumer has no claim against the TICO Compensation Fund because the loss arose from a travel supplier failure, not a TICO-registered registrant failure (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The consumer has no claim against the TICO Compensation Fund because the loss arose from a travel supplier failure, not a TICO-registered registrant failure

The TICO Travel Industry Compensation Fund is specifically designed to compensate consumers who suffer losses caused by the failure of a TICO-registered travel agent or wholesaler. It does NOT cover losses arising from a travel supplier (airline, cruise line, hotel, etc.) going bankrupt. In this scenario the agency is solvent — the loss flows from the cruise line's insolvency, which falls outside the Fund's mandate. The consumer's remedy would be through travel insurance, credit card chargebacks, or the cruise line's own bankruptcy proceedings.

Question 23: Under Ontario Regulation 26/05, which of the following is NOT a mandatory disclosure requirement in the written contract that a TICO-registered travel agent must provide to a consumer?

The total price of the travel services, including all applicable taxes and fees
The name and direct contact details of the travel supplier's head office (Correct answer)
The registrant's TICO registration number
A statement indicating whether travel insurance was offered and whether the consumer declined it

Correct answer: The name and direct contact details of the travel supplier's head office

Ontario Regulation 26/05 mandates that contracts include the registrant's own contact information and TICO registration number, the total price inclusive of taxes, a description of services, passenger names, travel dates, cancellation/refund conditions, and confirmation of whether insurance was offered or declined. The head office contact details of the upstream travel supplier are not a prescribed mandatory disclosure element in the consumer-facing contract.

Question 24: A consumer wants to purchase a non-refundable, non-changeable airline ticket immediately but asks if they can review the full fare conditions and carrier rules 'after paying' since they are in a hurry. How must the registrant handle this situation under TICO's disclosure obligations?

Proceed with purchase after obtaining the consumer's verbal acknowledgment that the ticket is non-refundable and non-changeable
Provide all material terms and conditions in writing before accepting any payment, regardless of time constraints or product type (Correct answer)
Provide a written summary of the key restrictions now and deliver the complete conditions at check-in
Proceed with purchase and send the full conditions by email within 24 hours, since time pressure is a mitigating factor

Correct answer: Provide all material terms and conditions in writing before accepting any payment, regardless of time constraints or product type

TICO's disclosure requirements mandate that all material terms and conditions — including cancellation penalties, change restrictions, and supplier rules — be provided to the consumer before any payment is accepted. This applies unconditionally: time pressure, the non-refundable nature of the product, and verbal summaries do not satisfy the obligation. A consumer's impatience does not create an exception.

Question 25: Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, a registrant must provide a consumer with a written contract containing specific prescribed information. A couple books a $6,200 all-inclusive honeymoon package; the agent emails them a detailed itinerary but omits the registrant's TICO registration number and the cancellation/refund policy from the document. The travel occurs without incident, but the couple later lodges a complaint. Which statement most accurately describes the registrant's legal exposure?

The omission is only actionable if the consumer can prove they would have cancelled the booking had they received the cancellation policy in writing
The registrant committed a disclosure violation under the Act regardless of outcome, and may face administrative penalties separate from any consumer harm (Correct answer)
No regulatory exposure exists because the travel was completed without incident, demonstrating no material harm to the consumer
The registrant's exposure is limited to a civil claim by the consumer for failing to disclose material terms, with no regulatory consequence

Correct answer: The registrant committed a disclosure violation under the Act regardless of outcome, and may face administrative penalties separate from any consumer harm

Compliance with TICO's prescribed contract disclosure requirements is a standalone regulatory obligation — it does not depend on whether harm resulted or whether the consumer would have acted differently. A registrant who fails to include mandatory elements (such as the TICO registration number and cancellation/refund terms) in the written contract has committed a breach of the Travel Industry Act, 2002, and is subject to administrative action, including fines, conditions on registration, or suspension, irrespective of a positive travel outcome. Harm-based reasoning applies in civil litigation, not regulatory compliance.

Question 26: A TICO-registered travel agent's trust account currently holds consumer funds for upcoming bookings. Which of the following represents a PERMISSIBLE withdrawal from that trust account under O. Reg. 26/05?

Transferring funds to cover the agency's monthly payroll when operating cash flow is insufficient
Remitting payment in full to a licensed wholesaler for travel services already booked on behalf of the consumer (Correct answer)
Using funds temporarily to pay the agency's TICO registration renewal fee, with intent to replenish within 30 days
Withdrawing an amount equal to the agency's earned commission before the consumer has travelled

Correct answer: Remitting payment in full to a licensed wholesaler for travel services already booked on behalf of the consumer

Trust account funds may only be withdrawn for purposes expressly permitted by the regulation — primarily to pay a supplier (wholesaler, airline, hotel, etc.) for travel services booked on the consumer's behalf, or to refund the consumer. Withdrawing commissions before travel is completed, covering operating expenses, or making 'temporary' withdrawals for licensing fees are all prohibited and constitute misappropriation of trust funds.

Question 27: An Ontario consumer books a vacation through an unregistered travel company. How does this affect their TICO protections?

They receive double compensation from the Compensation Fund
TICO will investigate the complaint but cannot enforce
They receive the same protections as bookings through registered agents
They have no protection from the TICO Compensation Fund and TICO cannot enforce on their behalf (Correct answer)

Correct answer: They have no protection from the TICO Compensation Fund and TICO cannot enforce on their behalf

TICO's protections, including the Compensation Fund, only apply to transactions with TICO-registered registrants; unregistered companies fall outside TICO's jurisdiction.

Question 28: A TICO registrant is required to maintain financial security (e.g., a bond) as part of their registration. How does this relate to the Travel Compensation Fund?

The bond replaces the need for the TCF for most agencies
Agents who post a higher bond are exempt from paying TCF levies
The registration financial security and the TCF are separate requirements; both serve as financial safeguards but in different ways (Correct answer)
All bond proceeds go directly into the TCF fund upon a registrant's insolvency

Correct answer: The registration financial security and the TCF are separate requirements; both serve as financial safeguards but in different ways

The registration bond and the TCF are separate financial safeguards; the bond is a registration prerequisite while the TCF is a shared industry fund available to consumers in insolvency situations.

Question 29: When a travel agent collects a client's payment, what is the correct trust accounting procedure?

Hold the client funds in a petty cash drawer until the supplier invoice arrives
Deposit the full client payment into the trust account within two business days, then withdraw earned commission only when permissible under the Regulation (Correct answer)
Immediately deposit only the net amount (after deducting commission) into the trust account
Deposit the client funds into the operating account and transfer to trust within 30 days

Correct answer: Deposit the full client payment into the trust account within two business days, then withdraw earned commission only when permissible under the Regulation

The full client payment must be deposited into the trust account within two business days. Commissions can only be withdrawn when legitimately earned and permissible under the Regulation.

Question 30: A travel agent promotes a resort package where the advertised price assumes double occupancy. A solo traveller will pay more. How should this be handled according to TICO standards?

The agent must advertise only the single occupancy rate to avoid confusion
The agent must offer the double occupancy rate to all solo travellers as a courtesy
The advertisement must clearly disclose that the price is based on double occupancy and that a single supplement applies (Correct answer)
The agent can advertise the double occupancy rate without any disclosure since it is industry standard

Correct answer: The advertisement must clearly disclose that the price is based on double occupancy and that a single supplement applies

If a price is based on double occupancy and a single supplement applies, this must be clearly disclosed in the advertisement to avoid misleading single travellers.

Question 31: A TICO-registered agency books a client on a cruise departing in 8 months. The client pays the full $9,500 fare. Two months later, the agency earns a $950 commission from the cruise line as an 'early booking bonus,' deposited directly into the agency's operating account by the cruise line. The agency also holds the client's $9,500 in trust. Which of the following correctly reflects the compliance situation?

The $950 commission must be deposited into trust and can only be withdrawn after the cruise departs, since it relates to an unfulfilled booking
The agency must immediately refund the $950 to the client as a price reduction, since commissions cannot be earned before service delivery
The $9,500 must remain in trust until the cruise departs; the $950 commission was paid directly by the supplier and need not pass through trust, so no trust violation has occurred (Correct answer)
The agency must add $950 to the trust account to maintain a balance equal to the full value of the booking including any supplier-paid bonuses

Correct answer: The $9,500 must remain in trust until the cruise departs; the $950 commission was paid directly by the supplier and need not pass through trust, so no trust violation has occurred

Trust accounting requirements apply to money received FROM clients — the $9,500 must stay in trust until the cruise is provided. However, the $950 early booking commission was paid directly by the cruise line (the supplier) to the agency and was never client money. It is the agency's earned revenue and does not need to flow through the trust account. There is no trust violation, provided the client's $9,500 remains properly held. The key distinction is the source of funds: client payments vs. supplier-paid commissions.

Question 32: A TICO-registered wholesale travel agent (not a retail agent) becomes insolvent. An Ontario consumer who booked through a TICO-registered retail agent — who in turn used the now-insolvent wholesaler — suffers a financial loss. Which of the following best describes the consumer's eligibility for Compensation Fund relief?

The consumer has no claim because they never contracted directly with the insolvent registrant
The consumer's claim is automatically assigned to the retail agent, who then claims on the consumer's behalf
The consumer must first exhaust all credit-card chargeback options before a claim will be considered
The consumer may make a claim because the loss originated with a TICO-registered wholesale registrant (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The consumer may make a claim because the loss originated with a TICO-registered wholesale registrant

The TICO Compensation Fund covers losses arising from the insolvency of any TICO-registered registrant, including wholesale travel agents. Because the wholesale agent was TICO-registered, a consumer who ultimately suffered a financial loss as a result of that insolvency — even indirectly through a retail agent — may still be eligible to make a claim. The direct-contract requirement does not preclude claims tracing back to a registered wholesaler.

Question 33: Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, a registrant who receives a Notice of Proposal to refuse or revoke registration must act within a strict deadline to contest it. How many days does the registrant have to request a hearing before the License Appeal Tribunal?

30 days from the date the notice is received
21 days from the date the notice is issued
7 days from the date the notice is issued
15 days from the date the notice is received (Correct answer)

Correct answer: 15 days from the date the notice is received

The Travel Industry Act, 2002 gives a registrant 15 days from receipt of a Notice of Proposal to request a hearing before the License Appeal Tribunal. If the registrant does not request a hearing within that 15-day window, the Registrar may carry out the proposed action without further notice.

Question 34: Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, how long must a registrant retain consumer transaction records?

7 years
1 year
3 years (Correct answer)
5 years

Correct answer: 3 years

Registrants are required to keep consumer transaction records for a minimum of 3 years.

Question 35: Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, which scenario would result in an automatic revocation of a travel agent's registration?

Failing to renew registration on time
Filing a complaint with TICO
Being convicted of fraud related to travel services (Correct answer)
Temporarily closing their office

Correct answer: Being convicted of fraud related to travel services

A conviction for fraud related to travel services can lead to automatic revocation of registration under the Act.

Question 36: Under TICO's rules, a consumer who books a trip solely with an airline is protected by:

Federal air passenger regulations, not TICO (Correct answer)
The TICO fund only if the airline is based in Ontario
TICO's full registration and compensation framework
TICO registration rules since airlines are TICO members

Correct answer: Federal air passenger regulations, not TICO

TICO regulates registered Ontario travel agents and wholesalers — airlines are governed by federal transport regulations, not TICO.

Question 37: A consumer books a trip through a TICO-registered agent but pays the airline directly by credit card for the flight component, and pays the agent only for hotel and transfers. The agent becomes insolvent. Which portion of the consumer's loss is eligible for TCF compensation?

The full trip cost, because the agent arranged all components and is responsible for the entire booking.
Only the hotel and transfer costs paid directly to the agent, because those are the funds the registrant received. (Correct answer)
Nothing, because splitting payment between the agent and airline disqualifies the entire booking.
Only the airfare, because airline travel is the primary component of an international trip.

Correct answer: Only the hotel and transfer costs paid directly to the agent, because those are the funds the registrant received.

TCF compensation is limited to money actually received by the insolvent registrant. The airline payment was made directly by the consumer to the airline — a separate, non-insolvent entity — so it falls outside the Fund's scope. The consumer's potential remedy for the airfare is a credit card chargeback or the airline's own processes. Only the hotel and transfer amounts paid to the agent are eligible for TCF consideration.

Question 38: Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between Ontario Regulation 26/05 and the Travel Industry Act, 2002?

The Regulation is a federal instrument that supplements Ontario's provincial Act
The Regulation applies only to travel wholesalers; the Act alone governs travel agents
The Regulation replaces the Act and is the only legal instrument governing Ontario's travel industry
The Regulation provides detailed rules and requirements that give practical effect to the broader framework established by the Act (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Regulation provides detailed rules and requirements that give practical effect to the broader framework established by the Act

Ontario Regulation 26/05 is a subordinate instrument that provides detailed operational rules flowing from the authority granted by the Travel Industry Act, 2002.

Question 39: A travel agency registrant receives a Notice of Proposal to revoke their registration. They wish to contest this decision. Under Ontario's administrative law framework as applied to TICO registrants, what is the correct next step and the body that will hear the matter?

File an appeal with the Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery within 15 days
File a request for a hearing with the Licence Appeal Tribunal within 15 days of receiving the Notice (Correct answer)
File a statement of claim in Ontario Superior Court within 30 days of receiving the Notice
Submit a written rebuttal directly to the TICO Registrar within 21 days requesting reconsideration

Correct answer: File a request for a hearing with the Licence Appeal Tribunal within 15 days of receiving the Notice

Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, a registrant who receives a Notice of Proposal (to revoke, suspend, refuse renewal, or impose conditions) has 15 days to request a hearing before the Licence Appeal Tribunal (LAT). The LAT is the independent adjudicative tribunal that hears these matters — not the courts, not the Ministry, and not TICO itself. Failing to request a hearing within 15 days means the Registrar may carry out the proposed action without a hearing.

Question 40: Under Ontario's consumer protection framework for travel services, what recourse does a consumer have if a TICO-registered travel agent misrepresents a travel product?

The consumer can file a complaint with TICO, which may investigate and take enforcement action against the registrant (Correct answer)
The consumer must file a lawsuit in the Ontario Superior Court before TICO can become involved
The consumer has no recourse if they signed the booking confirmation
The consumer must contact the federal Office of Consumer Affairs, as TICO lacks jurisdiction over misrepresentation

Correct answer: The consumer can file a complaint with TICO, which may investigate and take enforcement action against the registrant

Consumers can file a complaint with TICO, which has jurisdiction to investigate misrepresentation complaints against registered travel agents.

Question 41: A client books a trip to a tropical destination through a TICO-registered agent. A week before departure, the agent learns of significant construction at the client's chosen resort that was not previously disclosed. According to the Travel Industry Act, 2002, what is the agent's primary obligation?

To wait for the client to complain before taking any action.
To find a different resort without consulting the client.
To offer the client a full refund immediately.
To promptly inform the client of any changes that may affect their decision to travel. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: To promptly inform the client of any changes that may affect their decision to travel.

Section 36 of Ontario Regulation 26/05 requires travel agents to bring to the customer's attention any conditions that they have reason to believe may affect the customer's decision to purchase or travel. This includes significant issues like construction at a resort.

Question 42: What is the significance of the 'broker of record' at a travel agency under TICO's enforcement model?

The broker of record is the employee with the highest annual sales volume
The broker of record is the registered individual responsible for ensuring the agency and all its employees comply with TICO's requirements (Correct answer)
The broker of record is TICO's on-site compliance officer at each agency
The broker of record is a financial auditor appointed by TICO to manage trust accounts

Correct answer: The broker of record is the registered individual responsible for ensuring the agency and all its employees comply with TICO's requirements

The broker of record is the registered individual (often the owner or manager) who is accountable to TICO for the agency's compliance.

Question 43: Following an insolvency, which of the following parties is legally INELIGIBLE to make a claim against the Travel Industry Compensation Fund under the Travel Industry Act, 2002?

A consumer who pre-paid for a vacation package through a registered agent whose registration was subsequently revoked before the trip.
A consumer whose connecting flights were not issued after full payment was made to a registered Ontario travel agency.
A travel wholesaler that suffered financial losses because a registered travel agent it dealt with failed to remit collected consumer funds. (Correct answer)
A consumer who paid a registered travel agent for cruise tickets that were never delivered due to the agent's financial failure.

Correct answer: A travel wholesaler that suffered financial losses because a registered travel agent it dealt with failed to remit collected consumer funds.

The Travel Industry Compensation Fund is established to protect consumers — defined as individuals purchasing travel services for personal use — not registrants. A travel wholesaler, as a registered entity under the Act, is classified as a registrant rather than a consumer and therefore has no standing to make a claim against the Fund, regardless of the financial losses suffered through dealings with another registrant.

Question 44: A client cancels a trip and is entitled to a full refund. Under TICO trust accounting rules, the refund should be paid from:

The agency's general operating account
A special refund reserve account maintained separately
The trust account, since the funds were held there (Correct answer)
Either account at the agent's discretion

Correct answer: The trust account, since the funds were held there

Since client funds are held in trust, refunds must be issued from the trust account to maintain proper accounting.

Question 45: The Travel Industry Compensation Fund is financed primarily by which source?

A mandatory fee added to every travel booking.
Contributions made by registered travel agents and travel wholesalers in Ontario. (Correct answer)
Interest generated from unclaimed consumer deposits.
Ontario government grants and subsidies.

Correct answer: Contributions made by registered travel agents and travel wholesalers in Ontario.

The Compensation Fund is entirely financed by registered travel agents and wholesalers in Ontario. It is an industry-funded protection program.

Question 46: A registered travel agent receives written notice from the Director of a proposal to revoke their registration under the Travel Industry Act, 2002. Within how many days of service of that notice must the registrant request a hearing before the Licence Appeal Tribunal to contest the revocation?

60 days
15 days (Correct answer)
30 days
7 days

Correct answer: 15 days

Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, a registrant who receives notice of a proposed refusal, suspension, or revocation has 15 days from service of the notice to request a hearing before the Licence Appeal Tribunal (LAT). Failure to request a hearing within this 15-day window means the registrant loses their right to contest the Director's proposed action, and the revocation takes effect without a hearing. This is a strict deadline that cannot easily be extended, making timely legal advice critical.

Question 47: According to Ontario Regulation 26/05, what is the maximum amount of time a TICO registrant has to deposit customer funds into their designated trust account after receiving them?

By the end of the calendar month
By the following Monday
Within two banking days (Correct answer)
Within five business days

Correct answer: Within two banking days

Section 27(3) of Ontario Regulation 26/05 explicitly states that a registrant must deposit all money received from customers for travel services into their trust account within two banking days of receipt to ensure the funds are protected promptly.

Question 48: Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, which of the following entities is MOST LIKELY exempt from the requirement to register as a travel agent or travel wholesaler?

A corporate travel management company that books travel exclusively for employees of a single client corporation.
A non-profit association that charges its members a service fee to arrange group cruise packages including flights.
A hotel chain that sells multi-city tour packages bundled with third-party air transportation.
A railway carrier selling only its own rail transportation directly to the public, with no third-party travel services included. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A railway carrier selling only its own rail transportation directly to the public, with no third-party travel services included.

The Travel Industry Act, 2002 exempts carriers—including airlines, railway carriers, and bus companies—that sell only their own transportation services directly to the public. A railway company selling only its own rail tickets is squarely within this exemption. The other options involve third-party services, service fees, or arrangements that bring the entity within the Act's scope. A non-profit charging fees for group packages, a hotel selling bundled air, and a corporate TMC are all generally required to register.

Question 49: The Ontario Consumer Protection Act, 2002 provides which of the following protections relevant to travel purchases?

A provincial price freeze on travel products sold in Ontario for 90 days after purchase
A mandatory 30-day cooling-off period for all travel bookings over $1,000
Free legal representation for consumers in disputes with travel agencies
Prohibition of unfair practices such as false representations and unconscionable acts in consumer transactions (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Prohibition of unfair practices such as false representations and unconscionable acts in consumer transactions

The Consumer Protection Act, 2002 prohibits unfair practices including false representations and unconscionable acts in all consumer transactions, including travel purchases.

Question 50: The TICO Registrar is reviewing the registration renewal of a travel agent who, two years ago, was convicted outside Canada of an offence that, if committed in Ontario, would constitute fraud under the Criminal Code. The registrant argues the foreign conviction is irrelevant to Ontario registration. Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, which statement is MOST accurate regarding the Registrar's authority?

The Registrar may deny renewal only if the foreign jurisdiction's court issued a finding equivalent to an Ontario indictable offence conviction.
The Registrar must accept the renewal automatically because the conviction predates the current registration period.
The Registrar has no authority to consider foreign convictions; only Ontario or Canadian criminal convictions are relevant to registration decisions.
The Registrar may consider the foreign conviction as a ground to refuse renewal if the equivalent Ontario offence involves fraud, dishonesty, or misrepresentation. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The Registrar may consider the foreign conviction as a ground to refuse renewal if the equivalent Ontario offence involves fraud, dishonesty, or misrepresentation.

Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, the Registrar has broad discretion to refuse or decline to renew registration if the applicant or registrant has been convicted of an offence that, in the Registrar's opinion, is relevant to their fitness to carry on the business—including offences committed outside Canada that are equivalent to fraud, dishonesty, or misrepresentation under Ontario or Canadian law. The Act does not restrict this consideration to domestic convictions. The timing of the conviction relative to the registration period is not a shield; the Registrar assesses ongoing fitness.

Question 51: A TICO-registered travel retailer receives a Notice of Proposal (NOP) to revoke their registration. The retailer immediately requests a hearing before the License Appeal Tribunal (LAT). While waiting for the LAT hearing date, what is the legal status of the retailer's registration?

The registration is held in abeyance, with all trust account withdrawals frozen pending the outcome
The registration converts to provisional status — the retailer may service existing bookings but cannot accept new ones
The registration is automatically suspended until the LAT issues its ruling
The registration remains valid and the retailer may continue operating normally (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The registration remains valid and the retailer may continue operating normally

A Notice of Proposal does not itself suspend or revoke the registration. When a registrant exercises their right to a hearing, the registration stays in full force until the LAT renders its decision. Only a separate immediate suspension order (issued when the Registrar believes the public interest requires urgent action) would restrict operations before the hearing.

Question 52: Which of the following constitutes a prohibited misleading advertisement under TICO's standards?

Advertising a resort as 'beachfront' when it is located directly on the beach
Displaying the TICO registration number prominently in an ad
Advertising a '5-star' hotel that is actually rated 3.5 stars by independent reviewers (Correct answer)
Including the total price inclusive of all taxes in a travel advertisement

Correct answer: Advertising a '5-star' hotel that is actually rated 3.5 stars by independent reviewers

Misrepresenting a hotel's star rating in advertising is a prohibited misleading trade practice under TICO's standards and the Travel Industry Act, 2002.

Question 53: What type of insurance are travel agents registered with TICO required to carry?

Directors and officers (D&O) insurance
General liability insurance
Business interruption insurance
Errors and omissions (E&O) insurance (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Errors and omissions (E&O) insurance

TICO requires registered travel agents to carry errors and omissions (E&O) insurance to protect consumers in the event of professional errors or omissions.

Question 54: Under the Ontario Travel Industry Act, 2002, a registrant is legally required to remit client trust funds to a supplier within how many days of receiving them, assuming no written trust agreement specifies otherwise?

30 days (Correct answer)
There is no statutory deadline; the registrant may hold funds until the travel date
45 days
15 days

Correct answer: 30 days

Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002 and its regulations, a registrant who receives client funds in trust must remit them to the applicable supplier within 30 days, unless a written trust agreement between the registrant and supplier specifies different terms. Holding funds beyond 30 days without such an agreement constitutes a breach of trust obligations.

Question 55: The TICO Travel Industry Compensation Fund is designed to protect consumers in which scenario?

When a consumer is dissatisfied with the quality of a resort
When a registered travel agent or wholesaler becomes insolvent or fails to provide services paid for (Correct answer)
When airline fares increase after booking
When a consumer misses their flight due to personal reasons

Correct answer: When a registered travel agent or wholesaler becomes insolvent or fails to provide services paid for

The Compensation Fund provides financial relief to Ontario consumers when a TICO-registered registrant becomes bankrupt or ceases to carry on business and fails to deliver paid travel services.

Question 56: A client books a trip and pays the full amount to their TICO-registered travel agent. The agent then pays the supplier. Three weeks before departure, the price of the trip increases by 10% due to a fuel surcharge. The client's invoice states that price increases are permitted. What are the client's rights in this situation?

The client can refuse the increase, and the agent must absorb the cost.
No price increases are permitted after the customer has paid in full. (Correct answer)
The client has the right to cancel the contract and receive a full refund.
The client must pay the full 10% increase as per the invoice terms.

Correct answer: No price increases are permitted after the customer has paid in full.

According to TICO's invoicing rules, even if the contract permits price increases, no increase is allowed after the customer has paid in full. Furthermore, if the price increases by more than 7% (excluding tax increases) before full payment, the customer has the right to cancel and get a full refund.

Question 57: Under which Ontario legislation does TICO derive its authority to regulate the travel industry?

Consumer Protection Act, 2002
Tourism Act, 1990
Business Practices Act, 1990
Travel Industry Act, 2002 (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Travel Industry Act, 2002

TICO administers and enforces the Ontario Travel Industry Act, 2002, which governs the registration and conduct of travel agents and wholesalers.

Question 58: A travel agency in Ontario is moving its retail location to a new address across the street. Under Ontario Regulation 26/05, what is the agency's obligation regarding this change?

They must provide the Registrar with advance notice of the change in their place of business. (Correct answer)
No notification is required as it is a minor change of address.
They must receive pre-approval from TICO before they are permitted to move.
They must publish the new address in a local newspaper within 30 days.

Correct answer: They must provide the Registrar with advance notice of the change in their place of business.

Section 17 of Ontario Regulation 26/05 stipulates that a registrant must give the Registrar advance notice of any change in the address of its place of business in Ontario. This ensures TICO's records are always current.

Question 59: A TICO inspector arrives to audit a travel agency's trust account and discovers that the broker of record has been making monthly withdrawals from the trust account labeled as 'operating expense reimbursements.' Under TICO's trust accounting rules, this practice is:

Permissible provided the withdrawals are approved by the agency's bookkeeper
Acceptable if the withdrawals are less than 5% of the monthly trust account balance
A fundamental violation — trust account withdrawals for operating expenses are not permitted regardless of how they are labeled (Correct answer)
Acceptable if the broker of record is also a principal owner of the agency

Correct answer: A fundamental violation — trust account withdrawals for operating expenses are not permitted regardless of how they are labeled

Withdrawing trust funds for any operating expenses is prohibited, regardless of labeling, ownership status, or amount. The trust account cannot be used for non-client-related disbursements.

Question 60: Under Ontario Regulation 26/05, a travel agent who receives a client's payment must deposit it into the designated trust account within what timeframe?

Only after the supplier's invoice has been received
Two business days of receiving the payment (Correct answer)
Thirty days of receiving the payment
At the end of the business month in which payment was received

Correct answer: Two business days of receiving the payment

Ontario Regulation 26/05 requires client payments to be deposited into the designated trust account within two business days of receipt.

Question 61: A travel agency advertises a cruise with pricing 'From $1,200'. To be compliant with TICO's advertising standards, what else must the agency include in this representation?

The previous, higher price of the cruise.
The price in US dollars for comparison.
A list of all possible optional shore excursions.
A 'to' price and the applicable range of dates. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A 'to' price and the applicable range of dates.

TICO's guidelines state that if you advertise a 'from' price, you must also include a 'to' price and the corresponding date range for which those prices are available. This ensures the consumer has a clear and realistic understanding of the potential costs.

Question 62: A client holding a Canadian passport with 7 months of validity plans to enter Japan for 3 weeks of tourism. They also intend to visit South Korea for 10 days before flying home. Which statement most accurately captures a passport validity concern the agent should raise?

Japan mandates a minimum of 6 months passport validity beyond the intended date of departure, so the client must renew before travelling.
Both Japan and South Korea require exactly 6 months validity beyond the last date of exit, and the client's passport is insufficient for either destination.
South Korea requires a minimum of 6 months passport validity at the time of entry for Canadian citizens, so the client must renew immediately.
Japan requires only that the passport be valid for the duration of the stay, so 7 months is sufficient; however, the agent should confirm that the passport will still have adequate validity upon entry into South Korea and for the return to Canada, accounting for airline boarding policies that may impose their own validity thresholds. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Japan requires only that the passport be valid for the duration of the stay, so 7 months is sufficient; however, the agent should confirm that the passport will still have adequate validity upon entry into South Korea and for the return to Canada, accounting for airline boarding policies that may impose their own validity thresholds.

Japan does NOT impose a 6-month validity rule — it only requires the passport to be valid for the length of stay. South Korea similarly does not require 6 months beyond the stay for Canadian passport holders. However, a diligent agent must consider the full itinerary: some airlines apply their own boarding rules (commonly 6 months from return date), and Canadian passport renewal times mean the agent should flag the potential for the passport to expire before the trip concludes if dates shift. Options B, C, and D overstate the requirements for these specific destinations for Canadian citizens.

Question 63: Which government ministry is responsible for administering the Travel Industry Act, 2002 in Ontario?

Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery (Correct answer)
Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport
Ministry of Transportation

Correct answer: Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery

The Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery (formerly Consumer Services) oversees administration of the Travel Industry Act, 2002.

Question 64: A family of four (two adults, two children) books a cruise through a TICO-registered travel agency. The agency becomes insolvent before the trip. Each family member paid $3,000 individually. What is the maximum total compensation the family can receive from the TICO Travel Compensation Fund?

$20,000 total, because each of the four family members qualifies independently for up to $5,000 (Correct answer)
$15,000 total, because the two adults qualify at $5,000 each and the children share a combined $5,000 cap
$10,000 total, because the two adults each qualify for the $5,000 maximum as separate consumers
$5,000 total, because the Compensation Fund caps the entire booking at $5,000 regardless of the number of travellers

Correct answer: $20,000 total, because each of the four family members qualifies independently for up to $5,000

The $5,000 maximum under the TICO Travel Compensation Fund applies per consumer, not per booking or per family. Each individual — including minors — who suffered a qualifying loss is treated as a separate consumer eligible for up to $5,000. Therefore, all four family members could each claim up to $5,000, for a potential total of $20,000.

Question 65: TICO's disclosure requirements are primarily designed to achieve which consumer protection goal?

To allow TICO to collect data for industry marketing statistics
To generate revenue for the Travel Compensation Fund through disclosure fees
To ensure clients have the information they need to make informed purchasing decisions (Correct answer)
To increase the administrative workload of travel agents as a deterrent to non-compliance

Correct answer: To ensure clients have the information they need to make informed purchasing decisions

Disclosure requirements are designed to ensure consumers receive the material information they need to make informed decisions about travel purchases.

Question 66: A client wants to travel to Cuba from Canada. Which entry document is required in addition to a valid passport for most Canadian tourists?

A Caribbean Community (CARICOM) pass
A tourist card (tarjeta del turista) (Correct answer)
No additional documentation
A US-issued travel visa

Correct answer: A tourist card (tarjeta del turista)

Canadian tourists visiting Cuba require a valid passport and a tourist card (tarjeta del turista), which can often be obtained through the airline or travel agent.

Question 67: Which Ontario government ministry is responsible for overseeing TICO as a delegated administrative authority?

Ministry of Economic Development
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport
Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery

TICO operates as a delegated administrative authority under the Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery (formerly Ministry of Government and Consumer Services).

Question 68: What does the acronym TICO stand for?

Travel Industry Company of Ontario
Transport Industry Corporation of Ontario
Transport Industry Council of Organizations
Travel Industry Council of Ontario (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Travel Industry Council of Ontario

The acronym TICO stands for Travel Industry Council of Ontario. This organization is responsible for regulating and enforcing the Travel Industry Act in Ontario, Canada. They ensure that travel agencies and websites comply with the law and protect consumers by providing compensation funds and resolving disputes. The Travel Industry Council of Ontario plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and quality of the travel industry in the province.

Question 69: A travel wholesaler registered under the Travel Industry Act, 2002 advertises a package to Cancún and lists the price as '$899 per person.' The fine-print footer states that taxes, fuel surcharges, and airport improvement fees total an additional $340. Under O. Reg. 26/05's advertising requirements, this advertisement is:

Compliant, because the additional charges are disclosed somewhere within the advertisement.
Compliant, provided the fine print is legible and in the same document as the advertised price.
Non-compliant only if the advertisement appears in a digital format rather than print.
Non-compliant, because all-inclusive pricing — including taxes and mandatory fees — must be prominently stated as a single total price. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Non-compliant, because all-inclusive pricing — including taxes and mandatory fees — must be prominently stated as a single total price.

O. Reg. 26/05 requires that advertised prices for travel services include all mandatory charges — taxes, fuel surcharges, airport improvement fees, and other unavoidable costs — in a single, prominently displayed total. Burying mandatory fees in fine print does not satisfy this requirement regardless of medium (print or digital). The purpose is to prevent misleading low-ball headline prices.

Question 70: A TICO-registered travel agency is acquired by a new owner. The new owner continues operating under the existing TICO registration and certificate of registration without notifying TICO of the ownership change. Under O. Reg. 26/05 and the Travel Industry Act, 2002, this situation is best described as:

A violation, because a certificate of registration is not transferable and the new owner must apply for a new registration before operating. (Correct answer)
A violation only if the new owner changes the agency's trading name or address.
Permissible for up to 90 days, after which the new owner must apply for their own registration.
Permissible, because a certificate of registration is attached to the business location, not the individual owner.

Correct answer: A violation, because a certificate of registration is not transferable and the new owner must apply for a new registration before operating.

Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002 and O. Reg. 26/05, a certificate of registration is personal to the registrant and is not transferable to a new owner. When ownership of a travel agency changes, the new owner must apply to TICO for their own registration and receive approval before operating under the Act. Continuing to operate under the previous owner's registration — regardless of any transition period — is a violation. There is no 90-day grace period for this requirement.

Question 71: A travel agent receives a $500 'familiarization trip' (fam trip) invitation from a cruise line for a destination they regularly sell. They accept, complete the fam trip, and subsequently recommend the cruise line to clients without disclosing the fam trip. Six months later, a client asks whether the agent has personally sailed with this line. The agent confirms they have. Under TICO's ethical disclosure framework, what was the agent's obligation at the point of recommending the cruise line to clients?

The disclosure obligation was triggered only at the moment the client asked whether the agent had sailed with the line, satisfying the requirement with the truthful confirmation.
No proactive disclosure was required because fam trips are an industry-standard professional development tool and are not considered 'remuneration' under TICO's definition.
Disclosure was only required if the agent's recommendation was exclusive (i.e., they recommended only that cruise line), not if they presented it as one among several options.
The agent had an obligation to proactively disclose the fam trip as a benefit received from the supplier, since it constitutes remuneration that could reasonably appear to influence their recommendation, regardless of whether the client asked about it. (Correct answer)

Correct answer: The agent had an obligation to proactively disclose the fam trip as a benefit received from the supplier, since it constitutes remuneration that could reasonably appear to influence their recommendation, regardless of whether the client asked about it.

TICO's Code of Ethics requires registrants to proactively disclose any benefit received from a supplier that could reasonably be seen to influence their professional advice. A fam trip — even one framed as professional development — is a tangible benefit provided by the supplier and must be disclosed when recommending that supplier to clients. The disclosure obligation is not retroactively satisfied by truthfully answering a direct question later; it should have been disclosed proactively at the time of recommendation. Waiting for the client to ask is a reactive response that does not fulfill the proactive disclosure duty.

Question 72: Under TICO's consumer protection framework, which statement about supplier-imposed terms and conditions on an invoice is accurate?

Registrants are exempt from disclosing terms set by international suppliers
Supplier terms only need to be disclosed after full payment is received
The registrant must ensure the consumer receives and acknowledges the supplier's terms before or at the time of booking (Correct answer)
Supplier terms apply automatically and do not need to appear on any documentation

Correct answer: The registrant must ensure the consumer receives and acknowledges the supplier's terms before or at the time of booking

TICO requires that supplier terms and conditions be communicated to the consumer and acknowledged before the contract is finalized.

Question 73: When a travel agent receives a commission or incentive from a travel supplier, when must this be disclosed to the client under TICO standards?

When the commission or incentive could influence the agent's recommendation, and if the client asks (Correct answer)
Only if the commission exceeds 15% of the booking value
Disclosures of commissions are required only for bookings over $5,000
Commissions never need to be disclosed as they are a standard industry practice

Correct answer: When the commission or incentive could influence the agent's recommendation, and if the client asks

TICO standards require disclosure of commissions or incentives when they could influence the agent's recommendation, particularly when a client asks about the agent's remuneration.

Question 74: Under TICO's trust accounting rules, which type of account is generally acceptable for holding client travel funds?

A money market fund account in the agency's name
A personal savings account held by the agency owner
Any account clearly labeled 'client funds' by the agency
A designated trust account at a recognized financial institution (Correct answer)

Correct answer: A designated trust account at a recognized financial institution

TICO requires that client funds be held in a designated trust account at a recognized Canadian financial institution.

Question 75: A consumer asks a TICO-registered agent for a travel insurance recommendation. The agent recommends a policy with inadequate coverage for the client's specific health condition without disclosing this limitation. This may constitute:

A minor administrative matter that TICO would not investigate
A federal insurance regulation violation beyond TICO's jurisdiction
A breach of TICO's standards of practice and potentially a misrepresentation that could harm the consumer (Correct answer)
Standard industry practice, as agents are not required to assess health conditions for insurance recommendations

Correct answer: A breach of TICO's standards of practice and potentially a misrepresentation that could harm the consumer

Recommending travel insurance without disclosing material limitations relevant to the client's specific circumstances is a potential misrepresentation and breach of TICO's standards.

Question 76: A registrant's terms and conditions include this clause: 'Prices are subject to change at any time without notice due to fluctuations in fuel costs, exchange rates, or government-imposed taxes.' A consumer pays in full for a cruise, then receives a bill for an additional $340 in government port fees. The consumer demands the original price be honoured. Which analysis best applies under Ontario consumer protection principles?

The consumer has no recourse because full payment constitutes final acceptance of all terms, including open-ended price adjustments
The clause may be unenforceable because a valid escalation clause must also specify a maximum cap on increases and grant the consumer a cancellation right if that cap is exceeded (Correct answer)
The clause is fully enforceable because the consumer agreed to it before paying, and all possible triggers were listed
The clause is enforceable only up to a 10% increase; beyond that, the registrant must absorb the additional cost

Correct answer: The clause may be unenforceable because a valid escalation clause must also specify a maximum cap on increases and grant the consumer a cancellation right if that cap is exceeded

Under Ontario consumer protection principles, a price escalation clause must be clearly and specifically drafted to be enforceable. An enforceable clause typically identifies specific triggering conditions, sets a defined cap on increases, and preserves the consumer's right to cancel for a full refund if increases exceed that cap. A clause permitting unlimited changes 'at any time without notice' is overbroad and likely unenforceable, regardless of consumer signature.

Question 77: The Travel Industry Act, 2002 defines 'travel services' as including which of the following?

Only accommodation sold with a minimum 7-night stay
Only cruise packages sold in conjunction with shore excursions
Only international airline tickets sold by IATA-accredited agencies
Passenger transportation, accommodation, vehicle rentals, and tours sold as part of a travel-related transaction (Correct answer)

Correct answer: Passenger transportation, accommodation, vehicle rentals, and tours sold as part of a travel-related transaction

The Act's definition of travel services is broad and includes transportation, accommodation, vehicle rentals, and tour services when sold by a registrant.

Question 78: A registrant receives a price increase notice from the supplier after the client has made full payment. Under what general condition does the client have the right to cancel without penalty?

When the price increase exceeds the threshold set out in the Travel Industry Act (generally a significant percentage of the original price) (Correct answer)
Any price increase, regardless of amount, gives the client the right to cancel
Only if the price increase is announced less than 24 hours before departure
Price increases after full payment are never permitted, so the client automatically receives a refund

Correct answer: When the price increase exceeds the threshold set out in the Travel Industry Act (generally a significant percentage of the original price)

The Travel Industry Act sets limits on post-payment price increases. When a price increase exceeds the permitted threshold (a significant percentage of the original price), the client is entitled to cancel and receive a full refund. Minor increases within the allowed range do not trigger this right.

Question 79: A TICO-registered travel agent books a consumer's all-inclusive resort package. Two weeks before departure, the resort chain files for bankruptcy and ceases operations — but the travel agent remains fully solvent and operational. Under the Travel Compensation Fund, which outcome applies?

The TCF does not apply; compensation is not available because the TICO registrant has not become insolvent or bankrupt (Correct answer)
The consumer may claim 50% of their loss from the TCF and pursue the remaining 50% through civil litigation
The consumer may file a TCF claim because the travel services purchased cannot be delivered
The TCF covers supplier failures only when the consumer has no travel insurance

Correct answer: The TCF does not apply; compensation is not available because the TICO registrant has not become insolvent or bankrupt

The Travel Compensation Fund is triggered exclusively by the bankruptcy or insolvency of a TICO-registered travel agent or travel wholesaler — not by the failure of an upstream travel supplier (hotels, airlines, cruise lines, resorts). Even if the consumer's travel becomes impossible due to a supplier collapse, the TCF provides no recourse as long as the TICO registrant itself remains solvent.

Question 80: A TICO inspector arrives at a registered travel agency to conduct an inspection. The agency manager must ensure that the inspector is given:

A verbal summary of the agency's financial standing.
Prompt access to all records, documents, and computers as required. (Correct answer)
A copy of the agency's most recent marketing materials only.
Access to client booking files but not financial records.

Correct answer: Prompt access to all records, documents, and computers as required.

Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, a TICO inspector has the authority to enter a registrant's business premises at any reasonable time and examine all documents, records, and data storage devices relevant to the inspection. Registrants are legally obligated to assist the inspector and provide prompt access.

Question 81: Which of the following individuals is exempt from registration under the Travel Industry Act, 2002?

A hotel booking agent reselling third-party tours
An airline selling only its own flights directly to consumers (Correct answer)
A home-based travel agent affiliated with a host agency
A freelance travel consultant selling cruises from home

Correct answer: An airline selling only its own flights directly to consumers

Airlines and other carriers selling only their own transportation services directly are exempt from registration under the Act.

Question 82: Which of the following is a category of registrant recognized under TICO?

Travel bank
Travel insurer
Travel wholesaler (Correct answer)
Travel technology provider

Correct answer: Travel wholesaler

TICO registers travel agents and travel wholesalers under the Travel Industry Act, 2002; travel insurers are regulated under separate legislation.

Question 83: A registered travel agent is winding down operations due to insolvency. At the time of closure, the trust account holds $180,000 in consumer funds for future travel. Several trade creditors are owed a combined $95,000. Under O. Reg. 26/05, what is the correct treatment of the trust account funds?

Trust funds may be distributed proportionally among all creditors, including consumers, once a licensed insolvency trustee is appointed
Trust funds are protected from the claims of general creditors and must be applied to consumers' travel services or refunded to consumers ahead of other creditors (Correct answer)
Trust funds must first be used to satisfy outstanding supplier invoices before any amount is returned to consumers
Trust funds revert to TICO upon insolvency, and TICO then determines the allocation between consumers and trade creditors

Correct answer: Trust funds are protected from the claims of general creditors and must be applied to consumers' travel services or refunded to consumers ahead of other creditors

One of the fundamental purposes of the trust account requirement under O. Reg. 26/05 is to shield consumer funds from the registrant's general creditors in the event of insolvency. Trust monies do not form part of the registrant's general estate — they must be applied toward the consumers' travel services or returned to consumers before any distribution to trade creditors. This is why proper trust account maintenance is a core compliance obligation, not merely an administrative one.

Question 84: A consumer books a package tour and the supplier becomes insolvent before departure. Under TICO's Compensation Fund, what is the consumer most likely entitled to?

Full reimbursement from the travel agent personally
No compensation since insolvency is a business risk
Compensation up to the registered amount paid, subject to fund limits (Correct answer)
Compensation only if they purchased separate travel insurance

Correct answer: Compensation up to the registered amount paid, subject to fund limits

TICO's Consumer Protection Fund compensates consumers for losses due to registered travel agent insolvency, up to applicable limits.

Question 85: Under the Regulations to the Travel Industry Act, 2002, when must a registered travel agent include their TICO registration number in advertising?

Only when the advertisement includes specific pricing or fare quotes
In all advertisements directed at the public, regardless of medium or format (Correct answer)
Only when the advertisement promotes a travel product from a registered travel wholesaler
Only in written and digital advertisements — oral advertisements such as radio spots are excluded

Correct answer: In all advertisements directed at the public, regardless of medium or format

The Regulations under the Travel Industry Act, 2002 require that a registrant's TICO registration number appear in ALL advertising directed at the public, without exception for format or medium. This applies to print, digital, broadcast, and any other channel. The requirement exists so consumers can verify the legitimacy of the seller before purchasing. There is no pricing threshold or medium-based carve-out; the obligation is unconditional.

Question 86: Sunrise Vacations Ltd. operates in two ways: it contracts directly with resorts and assembles vacation packages that it sells through a network of independent retail travel agents; and it also sells those same packages directly to walk-in consumers at its storefront. Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, which registration arrangement is required?

No dual registration is needed; TICO grants an automatic exemption to wholesalers who sell retail incidentally.
A single combined registration as a 'travel agent/wholesaler' under one application.
Separate registration as both a travel agent and a travel wholesaler. (Correct answer)
Registration as a travel wholesaler only, since retail sales through agents are the dominant activity.

Correct answer: Separate registration as both a travel agent and a travel wholesaler.

The Travel Industry Act, 2002 defines 'travel agent' and 'travel wholesaler' as distinct registration categories. An entity that assembles packages and distributes them through other registrants is acting as a travel wholesaler; when it also sells directly to the public, it is simultaneously acting as a travel agent. The Act does not provide a combined licence—both registrations must be held separately. Operating in both capacities under only one registration would constitute an offence under the Act.

Question 87: A travel agency's registration has lapsed because the registrant failed to renew. What is the legal consequence of continuing to sell travel services?

The registrant can continue operating for 60 days under a grace period
There is no immediate consequence until TICO issues a formal warning
The registrant may face fines and prosecution under the Travel Industry Act (Correct answer)
The registrant only needs to post a notice that renewal is pending

Correct answer: The registrant may face fines and prosecution under the Travel Industry Act

Operating without valid registration is an offence under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, and can result in fines or prosecution.

Question 88: A consumer purchased a vacation package that was significantly different from what was advertised. The travel agent refuses to offer any refund. What is the most appropriate next step for the consumer?

Contact the destination resort directly for compensation
Accept the agent's position because the booking is non-refundable
Apply immediately to the Ontario Superior Court
File a complaint with TICO for investigation (Correct answer)

Correct answer: File a complaint with TICO for investigation

When a registrant refuses to resolve a legitimate complaint, consumers should file a complaint with TICO. TICO is the regulator empowered to investigate such disputes and, where appropriate, compel corrective action from the registrant.

Question 89: TICO has the authority to conduct investigations under the Travel Industry Act, 2002. What can trigger a formal TICO investigation?

A consumer complaint, information received by TICO suggesting non-compliance, or a proactive inspection initiative (Correct answer)
Only a consumer complaint submitted in writing by registered mail
Only a court order from the Ontario Superior Court directing TICO to investigate
Only non-compliance identified during a scheduled annual audit

Correct answer: A consumer complaint, information received by TICO suggesting non-compliance, or a proactive inspection initiative

TICO investigations can be triggered by consumer complaints, tip-offs, whistleblower information, or TICO's own proactive compliance monitoring.

Question 90: An individual is convicted of knowingly furnishing false information in an application for registration under the Travel Industry Act, 2002. The individual is not a corporation. What is the maximum fine this individual may face under the Act's penalty provisions?

$250,000
$50,000 (Correct answer)
$25,000
$100,000

Correct answer: $50,000

The Travel Industry Act, 2002 sets maximum fines of $50,000 for individuals convicted of offences under the Act. Corporations face a higher maximum of $250,000. These penalty tiers reflect the Act's dual-track enforcement structure: individuals (including sole proprietors and natural persons acting in personal capacity) are subject to the $50,000 ceiling, while the substantially higher corporate fine reflects the greater capacity and accountability expected of business entities.

Question 91: If a travel agent's registration is suspended, what are they permitted to do during the suspension period?

Operate normally until the suspension is formally upheld
Accept new bookings but not process payments
Wind down existing bookings only, with no new business (Correct answer)
Continue operating under a temporary permit issued by TICO

Correct answer: Wind down existing bookings only, with no new business

During a suspension, the registrant may only complete obligations for existing clients and cannot accept new business.

Question 92: Under O. Reg. 26/05, which of the following individuals is legally required to hold their OWN registration as a travel agent with TICO?

A full-time employee who processes bookings exclusively at a single TICO-registered agency's physical office under direct supervision
An independent contractor who sells travel services to the public under their own business name, even if they remit bookings through a host agency (Correct answer)
A salaried corporate travel coordinator who arranges business trips solely for their employer's internal staff
A person who earns a flat referral fee for directing clients to a registered agency but never quotes prices or completes transactions

Correct answer: An independent contractor who sells travel services to the public under their own business name, even if they remit bookings through a host agency

An independent contractor operating under their own business name and selling travel services to the public is carrying on the business of a travel agent and must hold individual registration regardless of whether they use a host agency to process bookings. By contrast, bona fide employees acting within the scope of their employer's registration, non-transactional referral agents, and internal corporate travel coordinators arranging travel exclusively for their own employer fall outside the registration requirement.

Question 93: A TICO-registered agent books a package tour for a client. Which condition related to fuel surcharges must be disclosed on the invoice or accompanying documentation?

That fuel surcharges are always included in the quoted price
That fuel surcharges may be added up to departure and the consumer bears that cost (Correct answer)
That fuel surcharges only apply to international flights
That fuel surcharges are capped at 10% of the package price

Correct answer: That fuel surcharges may be added up to departure and the consumer bears that cost

TICO regulations require registrants to disclose that fuel surcharges or other government-imposed fees may be applied after booking.

Question 94: Under Ontario Regulation 26/05, a registered travel agent receives a consumer's deposit by electronic transfer on a Monday. By what deadline must these funds be deposited into the designated trust account?

By the close of business the same day (Monday)
By the close of business on Friday (within the same business week)
Before the consumer's scheduled departure date
By the close of business on Wednesday (within 2 banking days) (Correct answer)

Correct answer: By the close of business on Wednesday (within 2 banking days)

O. Reg. 26/05 requires registrants to deposit all consumer funds into a trust account within 2 banking days of receipt. This strict timeline is designed to protect consumer money by ensuring it is segregated from operating funds promptly. Holding funds until departure or until the end of the week would violate this requirement.

Question 95: What is the mandatory deadline for a consumer to file a standard claim with the Travel Industry Compensation Fund after a TICO-registered travel retailer or end supplier becomes bankrupt or insolvent?

90 days
30 days
6 months (Correct answer)
12 months

Correct answer: 6 months

Standard claims must be filed within 6 months after the TICO registered travel retailer, wholesaler, airline, or cruise line becomes bankrupt, insolvent, or ceases to carry on business.

Question 96: Under O. Reg. 26/05, a consumer enters into a written contract with a travel agent for a $4,200 vacation package. The contract does not include the registration number of the travel agent's brokerage. Which of the following outcomes is most accurate?

The contract must be re-executed within 5 business days or it automatically becomes void.
The contract is void and unenforceable at the consumer's option.
The contract remains enforceable, but the registrant has committed a regulatory violation subject to TICO's disciplinary powers. (Correct answer)
The omission is only material if the consumer requests the registration number in writing and the agent refuses.

Correct answer: The contract remains enforceable, but the registrant has committed a regulatory violation subject to TICO's disciplinary powers.

O. Reg. 26/05 requires that written contracts for travel services include the registrant's TICO registration number. Omitting it is a breach of the regulation and exposes the registrant to regulatory discipline — however, the contract itself is not automatically void. Consumer contract enforceability is a matter of contract law; the regulatory violation is a separate matter handled by TICO.

Question 97: A registered Ontario travel agent is running an online advertising campaign using only their trade name — not their legal registered name. The advertisement promotes a Caribbean vacation package and includes all pricing details. Under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, what is the agent's mandatory advertising obligation that this advertisement must satisfy?

The advertisement must include the agent's TICO registration number, regardless of whether the legal registered name or only a trade name is used. (Correct answer)
The advertisement is non-compliant unless it includes both the agent's registered name and a statement that the agent is a member of TICO.
The advertisement must display the agent's legal registered name, as trade names are not permitted in advertising under the Act.
No registration number is required in digital advertising; the obligation applies only to print and broadcast media.

Correct answer: The advertisement must include the agent's TICO registration number, regardless of whether the legal registered name or only a trade name is used.

The Travel Industry Act, 2002 requires that every registrant include their registration number in all advertising. This requirement applies uniformly across advertising media — including online — and applies whether the registrant uses their legal registered name, a trade name, or any other identifying name. The registration number requirement is a baseline disclosure that cannot be omitted regardless of the format or channel of the advertisement.

Question 98: A registered travel agency has three Ontario retail locations operating under one registration. Which of the following trust account arrangements is compliant under the Travel Industry Act, 2002?

One trust account shared with an affiliated unregistered business to reduce banking fees
Three separate trust accounts, each held at a federally regulated credit union outside Ontario
One consolidated trust account for all three locations, held at an Ontario financial institution (Correct answer)
Separate trust accounts for each location, but held at a bank headquartered outside Ontario

Correct answer: One consolidated trust account for all three locations, held at an Ontario financial institution

The Act permits a registrant to maintain one consolidated trust account covering multiple locations — there is no requirement for each location to have its own account. The critical requirement is that the trust account must be held at a financial institution in Ontario. Sharing a trust account with an unregistered entity violates the prohibition on commingling, and accounts at out-of-province institutions are non-compliant regardless of the institution's federal status.

Question 99: Which of the following scenarios would MOST likely trigger TICO's authority to act against a registrant without waiting for a consumer complaint?

A consumer publicly posts a negative online review about a travel agent's customer service
TICO discovers during a routine audit that a registrant has repeatedly failed to remit trust account funds to suppliers within the required timeframe (Correct answer)
A travel agent sells a vacation package at a price higher than a competitor across the street
A registered agent loses a civil lawsuit filed by a former client over a disputed refund

Correct answer: TICO discovers during a routine audit that a registrant has repeatedly failed to remit trust account funds to suppliers within the required timeframe

TICO has proactive enforcement authority and conducts audits independent of consumer complaints. Mishandling or late remittance of trust funds is a serious regulatory violation under the Travel Industry Act, 2002, and can indicate financial instability or misuse of client funds. This is precisely the kind of systemic issue TICO is empowered to investigate and act on — up to and including suspending or revoking registration — without a consumer having filed a complaint.

Question 100: A client sues a TICO-registered travel agent for misrepresenting the standard of a resort property. The agent argues they bear no liability because they disclosed upfront that they were acting solely as agent for the resort (a disclosed principal), and any representations they made merely repeated what the resort's own promotional materials stated. Under Ontario law, this defence:

Fails — a travel agent remains personally liable for misrepresentations they make to consumers, even when acting for a disclosed principal. (Correct answer)
Succeeds provided the client signed an acknowledgement that the agent was acting as a disclosed intermediary.
Fully succeeds — an agent acting for a disclosed principal cannot be held liable for the principal's own representations.
Succeeds only if the misrepresentation was made orally rather than in writing.

Correct answer: Fails — a travel agent remains personally liable for misrepresentations they make to consumers, even when acting for a disclosed principal.

While the disclosed principal doctrine may limit some forms of agent liability in contract law, a TICO-registered travel agent is personally responsible for their own representations to consumers under the Travel Industry Act, 2002 and Ontario consumer protection law. Repeating or endorsing a supplier's false or misleading claim without independent verification constitutes the agent's own misrepresentation. A signed disclosure form does not waive statutory consumer protections.

TICO - Travel Industry Council of Ontario Exam

The TICO exam certifies Ontario travel counsellors on the Travel Industry Act, consumer protection, trust accounting, advertising standards, and industry regulations.

100

Questions

120 min

Time Limit

70%

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